Kajian Undang-Undang Tadbir Urus Universiti bagi Pembangunan Masyarakat Malaysia (University Governance Legal Research for the Malaysian Societal Development)
Abstract
Akta Universiti dan Kolej Universiti 1971 [Akta 30] merupakan akta utama yang mengawal selia penubuhan universiti-universiti awam di Malaysia sejak tahun 1971. Sebelum berkuatkuasanya Akta 30, universiti tunggal di Persekutuan Tanah Melayu iaitu Universiti Malaya di kawal oleh Akta Universiti Malaya 1961 [Akta No. 44/1961] dan Ordinan No. 74 (Kuasa-Kuasa Perlu) Darurat 1971 [Ordinan 74]. Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti tadbir urus universiti di bawah tiga kerangka akta berbeza dan seterusnya memberi cadangan penambahbaikan. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif menggunapakai kaedah kajian perundangan dengan reka bentuk sejarah perundangan dan perbandingan melalui pendekatan kajian perpustakaan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa meskipun pindaan Akta 30 tahun 1996 bertujuan menjadikan tadbir urus universiti bertambah efisien menerusi pengkorporatan universiti, namun, reformasi yang dilaksanakan bukan sahaja tidak dapat mengembalikan autonomi kepada universiti bahkan telah meningkatkan kawalan kerajaan ke atas universiti. Kajian ini akan membolehkan masyarakat, mahasiswa, ahli akademik, pentadbir dan penggubal dasar memahami kerangka perundangan yang mengawal selia tadbir urus universiti awam dari tahun 1961 sehingga 1996 dan kesannya kepada masyarakat dan negara. Kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa jika kerajaan benar-benar serius ingin mengembalikan autonomi kepada universiti, Akta 30 perlu dipinda menggunakan Akta No. 44/1961 dan kerangka perundangan universiti luar negara sebagai penanda aras.
Kata Kunci: Tadbir urus universiti; autonomi; pengkorporatan; pelajar; pembangunan masyarakat
Abstract
The Universities and University Colleges Act 1971 [Act 30] is the principal act regulating the establishment of public universities in Malaysia since 1971. Before the commencement of Act 30, the one and only university in the Federation of Malaya, namely University of Malaya was regulated by the University of Malaya Act, 1961 [Act No. 44/1961] and Emergency (Essential Powers) Ordinance No. 74, 1971 [Ordinance 74]. This study aims to examine university governance in three different statutes and propose recommendations for improvement. This is a qualitative study that applies legal research methodology with historical and comparative approach through library-based research technique. The finding shows that although the aim of the amendments on Act 30 in 1996 was intended to enhance the efficiency of the university governance through corporatisation of the university, the reforms implemented not only failed to restore university autonomy, instead has increased the government control over the university. This study will enable communities, students, academicians, administrators and policymakers to understand the legal framework which regulates the public university governance from 1961 to 1996 and its impact on society and country. The study contends that if the government is serious about restoring autonomy to the university, Act 30 need to be revised, using Act No. 44/1961 as well as the legal framework of foreign universities as a benchmark.
Keywords: University governance; autonomy; corporatisation; student; societal development
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