SDG 3 Landscape in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) and Implementation Challenges (Lanskap SDG3 Di Negera-negara Berpendapatan Rendah Dan Pertengahan (LMIC) Dan Cabaran Pelaksanaannya)
Abstract
The Seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) presents opportunities for inclusive and resilient development pursuits. This article assessed SDG 3 landscape in the context of Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC). SDG 3 focus on healthy lives and inclusive well-being, it has 13 targets. Health settings in LMIC are donor influence, in which cardinal issues are often ignored, concentrating on donor’s priorities, a situation befitting who paid the piper dictate the tune dictum. The paper explored SDG 3 related issues and implementation challenges that looms over the LMIC, by analysing the SDG 3 components’ strength, opportunities, and threats focusing on Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). The study utilised desk literature survey approach, using defined key search terms to searched databases, applying diverse combinations covering diseases, research and policy themes, from which 235 papers were retrieved and checked for further review. The challenges confronting SDGs implementation in SSA are numerous; for example, 89% of the SSA are at risk of developing malaria; in 2014, 57.3 million children were stunted; progress was overshadowed by population growth and 40% lives in abject poverty, with 23% of under-nutrition status. These gaps highlight poor governance, an implementation challenge that need to be address. SDG 3 implementation strength lies with policy makers and bureaucrats, while its weakness depicts logistical, accountability and coordination deficits that requires stakeholders’ rapport through collaborations. Successful implementation of the SDG 3 calls for trans-disciplinary collaborations and coordination in the shape of Public Private Partnership (PPPs), for inform policies that transform theory into action.
Keywords: Seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC); Public Private Partnership (PPPs); policy makers; bureaucrats
Abstrak
Tujuh belas matlamat pembangunan lestari (SDGS) menunjukkan peluang kepada usaha pembangunan yang berdaya saing dan inklusif. Artikel ini melihat lanskap SDG 3 dalam konteks Negara Pendapatan Rendah dan Menengah (LMIC). Fokus SDG 3 ini menumpukan kepada elemen kehidupan yang sihat dan sejahtera secara menyeluruh yang mempunyai 13 sasaran. Pengaturan kesihatan di LMIC antara pengaruh penderma di mana isu kardinal sering diabaikan disebabkan hanya memberi penumpuan kepada penderma untuk menentukan tune dictum. Kajian ini melihat isu dan cabaran pelaksanaan SDG 3 berkaitan LMIC dengan menganalisis tiga komponen SDG 3 iaitu kekuatan, peluang dan ancaman yang memfokuskan kepada Sub-Shahara Afrika (SSA). Kajian ini juga menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan kajian lepas dengan mencari terma kata kunci dengan mengaplikasi pelbagai kombinasi data yang terdiri daripada jenis penyakit, kajian dan tema polisi dimana sebanyak 235 kertas kajian disemak semula untuk kajian pada masa akan datang. Cabaran pelaksanaan SDG dalam SSA adalah pelbagai misalnya sebanyak 89% SSA berisiko kepada pembangunan malaria pada 2014, 57.3 juta kanak-kanak menunjukkan peningkatan populasi dan 40% tinggal di bawah paras kemiskinan dan sebanyak 23% di bawah status nutrisi. Jurang kemiskinan antara kerajaan dan cabaran pelaksanaannya perlu ditekankan. Pelaksanaan kekuataan SDG 3 bergantung kepada pembuat dasar dan birokrat manakala kelemahannya menunujukkan defisit logistik, akauntabiliti dan penyelarasan memerlukan hubungan kerjasama dari pihak berkepentingan. Oleh itu, kejayaan pelaksanaan 3DG yang dipanggil sebagai kerjasama dan penyelarasan trans-disiplin dalam bentuk hubungan kerjasama awam swasta untuk menunjukkan dasar yang mengubah teori menjadi tindakan.
Kata kunci: Tujuh belas matlamat pembangunan lestari (SDGs); negara berpendapatan rendah dan pertengahan, hubungan kerjasama awam swasta; pembuat keputusan; birokrat
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