Peranan Komitmen Organisasi sebagai Pengantara dalam Hubungan di antara Kepimpinan Transformasi dan Tingkah Laku Kewargaan Organisasi (The Role of Organizational Commitment as Mediator in The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior)

Wan Shahrazad Wan Sulaiman, Mila Juliawati, Nurul-Azza Abdullah

Abstract


Persaingan kerja yang tinggi pada masa kini menjadikan pekerja perlu memberikan perkhidmatan yang cemerlang dan perlu mengamalkan tingkah laku kewargaan organisasi. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji hubungan di antara kepimpinan transformasi, komitmen organisasi dan tingkah laku kewargaan organisasi; menguji pengaruh kepimpinan transformasi terhadap komitmen organisasi; menguji pengaruh kepimpinan transformasi terhadap tingkah laku kewargaan organisasi; menguji pengaruh komitmen organsisasi terhadap tingkah laku kewargaan organisasi; dan mengkaji peranan komitmen organisasi sebagai pengantara dalam hubungan di antara kepimpinan transformasi dan tingkah laku kewargaan organisasi. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk survei dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan soal selidik. Seramai 143 responden di Kementerian Kewangan Malaysia telah dipilih menggunakan kaedah persampelan mudah. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire digunakan bagi mengukur persepsi amalan kepimpinan transformasi, Affective, Normative, and Continuance Commitment Scale untuk mengukur komitmen organisasi dan Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale untuk mengukur tingkah laku kewargaan organisasi. Data yang dikumpul telah dianalisis menggunakan analisis korelasi Pearson dan regresi linear. Keputusan menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan di antara kepimpinan transformasi, komitmen organisasi dan tingkah laku kewargaan organisasi. Kepimpinan transformasi didapati meramal secara signifikan kepada komitmen organisasi dan tingkah laku kewargaan organisasi. Dapatan juga menunjukkan komitmen organisasi berperanan sebagai pengantara dalam hubungan di antara kepimpinan transformasi dan tingkah laku kewargaan organisasi. Dapatan kajian ini menekankan pentingnya peranan kepimpinan transformasi dalam kalangan pemimpin dan komitmen organisasi dalam meningkatkan tingkah laku kewargaan organisasi. Apabila ini dapat dicapai, individu pekerja akan memberikan sumbangan yang terbaik kepada organisasi dan seterusnya menjamin keberkesanan organisasi.

Kata kunci: kepimpinan transformasi; komitmen organisasi; tingkah laku kewargaan organisasi; pengantara; analisis regresi

 

Abstract

 

The competitive nature of work now requires employees to provide excellent service and practice organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to examine the relationship between transformational leadership, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior; test the influence of transformational leadership towards orgnizational commitment; test the influence of transformational leadership towards organizational citizenship behavior, test the influence of organizational commitment towards organizational citizenship behavior; and examine the role of organizational commitment as mediator in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. The study employs a survey design by distributing questionnaires to respondents. A total of 143 respondents from Ministry of Finance Malaysia were selected using random sampling. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire was used to measure transformational leadership practices, Affective, Normative, and Continuance Commitment Scale was used to measure organizational commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale was used to measure organizational citizenship behavior. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression. The results showed that there were significant relationships between transformational leadership, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Transformational leadership predicted significantly towards organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Results also showed that organizational commitment mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. The findings of this study emphasized the importance of transformational leadership among leaders and organizational commitment in order to increase organizational citizenship behavior among employees. When this is achieved, individuals can give the best contribution towards the organization which consequently ensures organizational effectiveness.

Keywords: transformational leadership; organizational commitment; organizational citizenship behavior; mediator; regression analysis


Full Text:

PDF

References


Allen, N. J. & Meyer, J. P. 1990. The measurement and antesedents of affective continuance and normative commitment to organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology 63: 1-18.

Amira Ali Mansor. 2010. Penelitian terhadap keadilan organisasi, tingkah laku kewargaan organisasi dan kepuasan kerja di kalangan guru-guru sekolah menengah. Tesis Sarjana Sains Sosial (Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi) tidak diterbitkan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Asgari, A., Abu Daud Silong, Aminah Ahmad & Bahaman Abu Samah. 2008. The relationship between transformational leadership behaviors, organizational justice, leader-member exchange, perceived organizational support, trust in management and organizational citizenship behaviors. European Journal

of Scientific Research 23(2): 227-242.

Atmojo, M. 2012. The influence of transformasional leadership on job satisfaction organizational commitment and employee performance. International Reseach Journal of Business Studies 5(2): 113-128.

Aydin, A., Sarier, Yilmaz, Uysal & Sengul. 2013. The effect of school principals’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Educational Science 13(2): 806- 811.

Barbuto, J. E. Jr. 2005. Motivation and transactional, charismatic, and transformational leadership: A test of antecedents. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies 11(4): 26-40.

Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. 1986. Moderator-mediator variable distinction in psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51(16): 1173-1182.

Bass, B. M. & Avolio, B. J. 1997. Full range leadership development: Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. CA: Mind Garden.

Bass, B. M. 1985. Leadership and performance beyond expectation. New York: Free Press.

Bass, B. M. 1997. Does the transactional-transformational leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries? American Psychologist 52(2): 130-139.

Bushra, F., Ahmad, U. & Naveed, A. 2011. Effect of transformational leadership on employees' job satisfaction and organizational commitment in banking sector of Lahore (Pakistan). International Journal of Business and Social Science 2(18): 261-267.

Chahal, H. & Mehta, C. 2010. Antecedents and consequences of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB): A conceptual framework in reference to heath care sector. Journal of Services Research. http:// findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_7629/is_201010/ai_ n56229563/. Accessed on: 3 February 2018.

Danish, R. Q., Asad Afzal Humayon, Ahmad Usman Shahid, Hafiz Waqas Ahmad & Ghulam Murtaza. 2014. Relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior: A study of employees in National Highway Authority of Pakistan. American Journal of Economics, Finance and Management 1(3): 195-199.

Dhammika, K. 2013. Measuring employees’ performance in the public sector in Sri Lanka: Testing of two models. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management 8(1): 1-20.

Dunn, M. G., Dastoor, B. R. & Sims, R. L. 2012. Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: A cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 4(1): 45-59.

Farahani, M., Marzieh Taghadosi & Mehdi Behboudi. 2011. An exploration of the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment: The moderating effect of emotional intelligence: Case study in Iran. International Business Research 4(4): 211-217.

Ismail, N., Azman Ismail, Munirah Hanim Yusuf & Siti Ngayesah Ab. Hamid. 2011. Role of transformational leadership in enhancing followers’ psychological empowerment. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business 4(2): 42-53.

Ismaya, D. 2014. Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan keadilan prosedural terhadap perilaku kewarganegaraan organisasi dengan komitmen organisasi sebagai variabel intervening. Tesis Sarjana, Universitas Bung Hatta.

Jahangir, N., Akbar, M. M. & Haq, M. 2004. Organizational citizenship behaviour: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of BRAC University 1(2): 75-85.

Juliza Abd Satar. 2015. Hubungan Kontrak Psikologi dengan Persepsi Sokongan Organisasi, Komitmen Organisasi, Prestasi Kerja dan Kepuasan Kerja. Tesis Sarjana Sains Sosial (Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi) tidak diterbitkan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Karaminia, R. & Salimi, S. 2010. The relationship of

leadership style with organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Military Medicine 12(2): 57-63.

Karim, F. & Rehman, O. 2012. Impact of job satisfaction, perceived organizational justice and employee empowerment on organizational commitment in semi government organizations of Pakistan. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly 3(4): 92-104.

Katz, D. 1964. The motivational basis of organizational behavior. Behavioral Science 9: 131–146.

Khan, N. R., Ghouri, A. M. & Awang, M. 2013. Leadership styles and organizational citizenship behavior in small and medium scale firms. Researchers World-Journal of Arts, Science & Commerce 4(2): 153-163.

Koning, L. F. & Van Kleef, G. A. 2015. How leaders' emotional displays shape followers' organizational citizenship behavior. The Leadership Quarterly 26(4): 489-501.

Kumara, B. J. G. 2014. Hubungan antara komitmen organisasi dengan organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Tesis Sarjana, Fakulti Psikologi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Lee, Y. H., Woo, B., & Kim, Y. 2018. Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Mediating role of affective commitment. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13(3): 373-382.

Li, C. & Hung, C. 2009. The influence of transformational leadership on workplace relationships and job performance. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal 37: 1129-1142.

Luthans, F. 2008. Organizational behaviour (11th ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

Martins, N. & Coetzee, M. 2011. Staff perceptions of organisational values in a large South African manufacturing company: Exploring socio-demographic differences. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology 37(1): 1-11.

Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. 1990. The measurement and antecedents of effective continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology 63(1): 1-18.

Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. 1997. Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application. Sage Publications.

Mohd Fadhli Mohd Fadhli Mohd Fauzi, Fadzrul Hafiz Johani, Ong Aik Liang, Natrah Rani & Faiz Daud. 2019. Hubungan antara Persepsi Gaya Kepimpinan di Tempat Kerja dan Stres Pekerjaan Pekerja. Akademika 89(3): 63-74.

Mohd Izham Mohd Izham Mohd Hamzah, Nor Azlin Ibrahim & Jamalul Lail Abdul Wahab. 2020. Kepimpinan Transformasional: Hubungan serta Peramal kepada Amalan Komuniti Pembelajaran

Profesional. Akademika 90(3): 1-16.

Motowidlo, S. J. 2003. Job performance. Dlm. Handbook of Psychology: Industrial and Organizational Psychology, disunting oleh W. C. Borman, D. R. Ilgen, dan R. J. Klimoski. (Vol. 12, pp. 39-53). New York: Wiley.

Ng, T. W. H., Lam, S. S. K. & Feldman, D. C. 2016. Organizational citizenship behavior and counter productive work behavior: Do males and females differ? Journal of Vocational Behavior. doi:

1016/j.jvb.2015.12.005 (accessed 2 February 2018)

Norazam Mohd Noor. 2010. Penilaian psikometrik alat ujian Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Tesis Sarjana, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Organ, D. W. 1988. Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA, England: Lexington Books/D. C. Heath and Com.

Podsakoff, P. M. 2000. Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management 26(3): 513-563.

Podsakoff, E. M. & MacKenzie, S. B. 1994. Organizational citizenship behavior and sales unit effectiveness. Journal of Marketing Research 31: 351-363.

Podsakoff, E M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H. & Fetter, R. 1990. Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior. Leadership Quarterly 1: 107-142.

Prabowo, Vania Claresta & Setiawan, Roy. 2013. Pengaruh servant leadership dan komitmen organisasional karyawan terhadap organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) pada Blue Bird Group Surabaya. Agora Jurnal 1(3): 513-528.

Prabowo, A. & Djastuti, I. 2014. Analisis pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan kepuasan kerja terhadap organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) dengan komitmen organisasi sebagai variabel intervening (Studi Pada Perawat Rsup Dr. Kariadi, Semarang). Tesis Sarjana, Fakultas Ekonomika Dan Bisnis, Universitas Dipponegoro.

Qamar, N. 2012. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 4(7): 103-122.

Rahmi, M. 2013. Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap organizational citizenship behavior dan komitmen organisasional dengan mediasi kepuasan kerja (Studi pada Guru Tetap SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Lombok Timur). Tesis Sarjana, Universitas Udayana.

Randall, D. M. & Cote, J. A. 1991. Interrelationships of work commitment constructs. Work and Occupation 18: 194-211.

Rini, G. S. 2014. Analisis pengaruh komitmen organisasional terhadap organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). (Studi Pada Karyawan Bank Indonesia Kantor Perwakilan Purwokerto). Tesis Sarjanamuda, Universitas Diponegoro.

Robbins, S. & Judge, T. 2007. Organizational behavior. (12th edition). New York: Prentice Hall.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN: 0126-5008

eISSN: 0126-8694