Kos dan Faedah Penyelidikan Sosio-Ekonomi

CHAMHURI SIWAR (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, csiwar@ukm.my)

Abstract


This article attempts to discuss theoretically how cost-benefit analysis could be used to evaluate the social returns of socio-economic research. In a situation where financial resources and allocation for research are scarce, it is appropriate that these resources be allocated to researches that yield maximum rate of social returns. However, in most cases we could not evaluate the rate of social returns due to lack of specific market and the 'public goods' nature of research results. The cost-benefit analysis could be adopted to account for the contribution of research, to various socio-economic objectives like economic growth, equity and income distribution, racial balance, socio-political stability, human development, environmental conservation and socio-economic welfare. We acknowledge various measurement problems, especially in quantifying the subjective contribution to some socio-economic objectives. However this should not deter us in attempting to evaluate the social returns of research so that research funds could be allocated in a more efficient manner.

ABSTRAK

Rencana ini membicarakan secara teoretikal bagaimana analisis kos-faedah boleh digunakan untuk menilai pulangan dari penyelidikan sosio-ekonomi. Dalam. keadaan negara menghadapi sumber-sumber dan peruntukan kewangan yang terhad untuk penyelidikan, adalah wajar pemtukan ini disalurkan kepada penyelidikan yang memberi pulangan sosial yang maksimum. Tetapi dalam banyak hal kita tidak dapat menilai pulangan sosial dari penyelidikan disebabkan tiada pasaran khusus bagi hasil penyelidikan dan sifat hasil penyelidikan sebagai 'barangan awam'. Melalui kaedah analisis kos-faedah, pulangan sosial dari hasil penyelidikan sosio- ekonomi dapat ditentukan dengan melihat sumbangannya kepada beberapa matlamat pembangunan sosio-ekonomi negara seperti pertumbuhan ekonomi, ekuiti dan agihan pendapatan, perimbangan kaum, kestabilan sosio-politik, pembangunan manusia, pemeliharaan alam sekitar don kebajikan sosio-ekonomi. Namun kita mengakui bahawa beberapa masalah pengukuran akan wujud, terutama dari segi menilai sumbangan penyelidikan kepaah beberapa matlamat pembangunan sosio-ekonomi yang bersifat subjektif. Walau bagaimanapun masalah ini tidak seharusnya menyekat kita dan membuat penilaian terhadap pulangan sosial dari penyelidikan, jika kita mahukan pelaburan penyelidikan dikendalikan dengan cara yang efisien.

 


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