Naratif Sosiologi Tingkah Laku Bunuh Diri Dalam Kalangan Warga Emas (The Sociological Narrative of Suicide Behaviour among Elderly)

Novel Lyndon, Noor Suleeyia Sulaiman, Nurhafizah Yusoff, Mohd Fuad Mat Jali

Abstract


Bunuh diri dianggap sebagai perbuatan yang tidak bermoral dan boleh dianggap sebagai perbuatan jenayah oleh sebahagian masyarakat. Naratif sosiologi pula melihat bunuh diri bukan hanya disebabkan oleh sakit mental yang dihidapi oleh individu tersebut, namun turut disebabkan oleh pengaruh persekitaran sosial dan faktor-faktor yang lain. Justeru itu, objektif utama kajian ini ialah untuk meneliti faktor-faktor yang merangsang warga emas mempunyai perasaan untuk membunuh diri. Kajian ini juga turut meneliti sejauhmanakah rangsangan ini timbul disebabkan oleh perubahan yang berlaku dalam persekitaran sosial mereka kesan daripada proses modenisasi dan industrialisasi. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi melalui teknik pengumpulan data secara kualitatif. Sejumlah 20 orang informan telah dipilih menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan yang terdiri daripada 10 lelaki dan 10 wanita  daripada etnik Melayu, Cina dan India. Kesemua informan ini telah ditemubual secara mendalam dan data telah dianalisa menggunakan perisian Nvivo. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat lima faktor utama yang mendorong warga emas untuk membunuh diri yang terdiri daripada faktor masyarakat dan budaya, sokongan sosial, kepercayaan terhadap agama, pengaruh ekonomi dan status sosio-ekonomi dan kemurungan akibat daripada perubahan dalam persekitaran sosial mereka. Kesimpulannya, faktor-faktor ini wujud ekoran daripada tindakbalas warga emas terhadap perubahan yang berlaku dalam struktur sosial masyarakat kesan daripada proses modenisasi dan industrialisasi.

Kata kunci: Bunuh diri: sosiologi; modenisas; warga emas; persekitaran sosial

 

Abstract

Suicide is considered an immoral act and can be considered a criminal act by some society. The sociological narrative sees suicide not only as a result of the mental illness of the individual, but also by the influence of the social environment and other factors. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to examine factors that motivate older people to commit suicide. This study also examines the extent to which these stimuli arise due to changes in their social environment as a result of modernization and industrialization processes. This study uses a phenomenological approach through qualitative data collection techniques. A total of 20 informants were selected using purposive sampling techniques consisting of 10 men and 10 women from Malays ethnic, Chinese and Indians.  All of these informants were interviewed in depth and data were analyzed using Nvivo software. The study found that there are five main factors that motivate older people to commit suicide which include social and cultural factors, social support, religious beliefs, economic influence and socio-economic status and depression as a result of changes in their social environment. In conclusion, these factors are due to the response of the elderly to the changes in the social structure of society as a result of modernization and industrialization.

Keywords: Suicide; sociology; modernization; elderly; social environment


Full Text:

PDF

References


Aishah@Esah M. 2012. Warga tua Melayu di pinggir wilayah metropolitan, Selangor: Pengalaman dan persepsi tentang diri. Geografia Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 8(6): 1-14.

Allan CE, Valkanova V & Ebmeier KP. 2014. Depression in older people is underdiagnosed. Practitioner 258(1771):19-22

Blaikie, N. 2010. Designing Social Research. Edisi-2. United Kingdom: Polity Press.

Conejero I, Lopez-Castroman J, Giner L & Baca-Garcia E. 2016.Sociodemographic antecedent validators of suicidal behavior: a review of recent literature. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 18(10):94.

Conejero I, Olie E, Courtet & Calati R. 2018 Suicide in older adults: current perspectives. Clin Interv Aging 13: 691-699

Cumming, Elaine & William Earl Henry. 1961. Growing Old. New York: Basic.

Dasar Warga Emas Negara. 2011. https://www.kpwkm.gov.my.

Delaney, T. 2005. Contemporary Social Theory Investigation and Application. United States of America: Pearson Education Inc.

Doris Padmini Selvaratnam, Nor Aini Hj. Idris & Norlaila Abu Bakar 2010. Warga Emas di Malaysia. Bangi: Penerbit UKM.

Durkheim, E. 1952. Suicide. London: London: Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD

Fassberg MM, Cheung G & Canetto SS, et al. 2016. A systematic review of physical illness, functional disability, and suicidal behaviour among older adults. Aging Ment Health. 20(2):166-194.

Ferrante, Joan. 2011. Seeing Sociology An Introduction. Australia: Wadsworth Cegage Lerning.

Hawton K & Harriss L. 2008. How often does deliberate self-harm occur relative to each suicide? A study of variations by gender and age. Suicide Life Threat Behav 38(6):650-660

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia 2011. https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/

Kok Lee Peng & Wen-Shing Tseng. 1992. Suicidal Behaviour In The Asia-Pacific Region. Singapore: Singapore University Press.

Mohd Alif J, Siti Hajar A. B, Jal Zabdi M. Y., Khairiyah M.S & Noralina O. 2017. Konsep Residivisme: Kekaburan Definisi, Pengukuran dan Praktis. Akademika Journal of Southeast Asia Social Sciences and Humanities 87 (3): 101-122

National Suicide Registry Malaysia. 2011. Annual Report 2009. http://www.crc.gov.my/wp- content/uploads/documents/report/NSRM_report_2009.pdf.

Nurhafilah M, Asmak H & Nurul Akma S.M.A. 2018. Semakan Dasar Wanita Kelantan: Penambahbaikan Pelaksanaan ke arah Mencapai Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan. Akademika Journal of Southeast Asia Social Sciences and Humanities Vol 88 (3): 137- 150.

Riaz Hassan. 1983. A Way of Dying.United States of America: Oxford University Press.

Rushing NC, Corsentino E, Hames JL, Sachs-Ericsson N & Steffens DC. 2013. The relationship of religious involvement indicators and social support to current and past suicidality among depressed older adults. Aging Ment Health 17(3):366-374.

Serafini G, Calcagno P, Lester D, Girardi P, Amore M & Pompili M. 2016. Suicide risk in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. Curr Alzheimer Res 13(10):1083-1099.

Shah A, Bhat R, Zarate-Escudero S, DeLeo D & Erlangsen A. 2016. Suicide rates in five-year age-bands after the age of 60 years: the international landscape. Aging Ment Health 20(2):131-138

Sinyor M, Tan LP, Schaffer A, Gallagher D & Shulman K. 2016. Suicide in the oldest old: an observational study and cluster analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 31(1):33-40.

Tharshini S, Fauziah I, Mohd Suhaimi M & Ezarina Z. 2018. Tahap Konsep Kendiri, Kesedaran Komuniti, Sokongan Sosial dan Pengintegrasian Sosial bagi Pesalah Muda di Malaysia. Akademika Journal of Southeast Asia Social Sciences and Humanities, vol 88(3): 91-100

Wand AP, Peisah C, Draper B & Brodaty H. 2018. Understanding self-harm in older people: a systematic review of qualitative studies. Aging Ment Health 22(3):289–298.

World Assembly on Ageing 1982. https://www.un.org/en/development/devagenda/ageing.shtml

Wyart M, Jaussent I, Ritchie K, Abbar M, Jollant F & Courtet P. 2016. Iowa gambling task performance in elderly persons with a lifetime history of suicidal acts. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 24(5):399-406


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN: 0126-5008

eISSN: 0126-8694