Ilmu Kajian Agama-agama dalam Tradisi Islam (The Study of Religions in the Islamic Tradition)

Wan Haslan Khairuddin, Indriaty Ismail, Abdull Rahman Mahmood

Abstract


Ilmu Kajian Agama-agama atau Ilmu Perbandingan Agama menjadi tumpuan dan mendapat perhatian sama ada dalam kalangan individu yang berada di lapangan akademik, dakwah atau awam sehingga pelbagai kursus intensif yang berkaitan ditawarkan. Artikel ini membincangkan kedudukan Ilmu Kajian Agama-agama dalam tradisi Islam. Isu-isu utama yang menjadi perbincangan artikel ini ialah: [i] Kajian agama-agama menurut al-Quran dan Sunah; [ii] Ilmu Kajian Agama-agama subwacana Ilmu Kalam; dan [iii] Ilmu prasyarat (prerequisite) dalam menekuni Ilmu Kajian Agama-agama. Penulisan artikel ini adalah berdasarkan kajian analisis kandungan. Sumber primer yang menjadi asas dalam penulisan ini ialah karya-karya Ilmu Kalam dan karya-karya para ilmuwan Islam di dalam kajian agama-agama. Kesimpulannya, Ilmu Kajian Agama-agama adalah salah satu daripada dua wacana Ilmu Kalam yang mewacanakan kepercayaan antara penganut agama (intrareligion atau intra-Islam) dengan penamaan seperti al-Firaq al-Islāmiyyah (Aliran-aliran Pemikiran Islam) dan wacana berkaitan kepercayaan antara agama-agama (interreligions) dengan penamaan seperti Muqāranah al-Adyān (Perbandingan Agama-agama). Selain itu, Ilmu Kajian Agama-agama atau secara khusus dialog antara agama bukan bidang amatur yang boleh dilaksanakan oleh sesiapa sahaja. Sebaliknya memerlukan kepada individu yang mempunyai tahap pengetahuan akidah yang baik dengan penguasaan tema, isu dan dalil secara tafṣil (huraian atau satu persatu) kerana lapangan ini berisiko menjerumuskan seseorang kepada kecelaruan, keraguan, kesesatan dan kekufuran.

Kata kunci: Akidah, teologi, Kalam, agama, dialog.


Abstract


The study of religions or the comparative religion has become the focus of attention for any individual be it in the field of academic, preaching or public until various relevant intensive courses are offered. This article discusses the position of the study of religions in the Islamic tradition. The issues that became the focus of discussion of this article are: [i] the study of religions according to the Qur’an and al-Sunnah; [ii] the study of religions as sub-discussion of ‘Ilm al-Kalām (i.e. Islamic scholastic theology); and [iii] Pre-requisite knowledge in the study of religions. The writing of this article is based on a content analysis study. The primary sources underlying this work are the works of the ‘Ilm al-Kalām and the works of Muslim scholars in the study of religions. In conclusion, the study of religions is one of the two discourses of the ‘Ilm al-Kalām which illustrates the beliefs of intra religion or intra-Islam such as al-Firaq al-Islāmiyyah (i.e. Schools of Islamic thought) and discourse on religious beliefs religions (inter religions), like Muqāranah al-Adyān (i.e. the Comparative Religion). In addition, the study of religions, particularly the dialogue between religions is not for amateurs. On the contrary, it is necessary for individuals to have a good level of knowledge in ‘aqīdah with the mastery of themes, issues and arguments in tafṣil (i.e. studied individually or else the individual) will risk the danger of being derailed to be in the state of disorder, become doubtful, error in judgement and disbelief.

Keywords: ‘Aqīdah, theology, Kalam, religion, dialogue.                                                               



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