Fenomena Pengglotisan dalam Bahasa Bugis di Malaysia (The Phenomenon of Glottalisation in Bugis Language in Malaysia)

Abstract

Kajian ini membincangkan fenomena pengglotisan dalam bahasa minoriti Bugis di Malaysia. Dalam huraian kajian lepas menyatakan kehadiran hentian glotis dalam leksikal bahasa Bugis hanya terhad di posisi akhir kata sahaja. Huraian ini walau bagaimanapun menimbulkan persoalan sama ada benarkah hentian glotis hanya hadir di akhir kata sahaja dalam bahasa ini.Justeru, kajian inidilakukan untuk mengesahkan posisi kehadiran hentian glotis dalam bahasa Bugis dengan mengenal pasti kehadirannya dalam leksikal serta menghuraikan ciri akustik kehadiran hentian glotis di posisi kata yang telah dikenal pasti. Data kajian diperolehi daripada lapangan yang melibatkan soal selidik, temu bual, rakaman dan pemerhatian. Seramai 100 informan yang merupakan penutur asli Bugis di beberapa buah kampung Bugis yang terletak di Pontian dan Pasir Gudang, Johor telah ditemu bual. Analisis spektografik menggunakan Praat dibuat untuk mengesahkan kehadiran hentian glotis dalam leksikal yang diperolehi.Hasil analisis spektografik yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahawa hentian glotis hadir di empat posisi dalam kata, iaitu awal, tengah dan akhir kata serta di sempadan awalan seperti [ʔika], [buʔkãŋ], [bẽmbeʔ] dan [mãʔ-keda]. Kehadiran hentian glotis di semua posisi kata menunjukkan proses fonologi yang berbeza. Hasil kajian mendedahkan fenomena sebenar pengglotisan dalam bahasa Bugis yang belum diterokai sebelum ini. Justeru, kajian ini telah memberi pengetahuan dan sudut pandangan yang baru mengenai penyebaran hentian glotis dalam leksikal bahasa Bugis.Kajian ini membuka ruang kepada para pengkaji menggali dan mengupas lebih banyak lagi fenomena linguistik yang terdapat dalam bahasa Bugis, di samping menyumbang kepada usaha pemeliharaan bahasa ini agar tidak terus ditelenggami oleh arus pemodenan dan dapat terus diamalkan oleh generasi muda pada masa akan datang.

Kata kunci: hentian glotis; bahasa Bugis; analisis spektografik; fonetik; fonologi.

Abstract

This study discusses the phenomenon of glottalization in the Bugis minority language in Malaysia. Previous studies had claimed that the presence of glottal stops in the Bugis lexical is limited atword final position only. The claimhowever, poses a question of whether glottal stop only presents  at word final position in this language. Thus, this study was conducted to confirm the position where the presence of glottal stop  by identifying its presence in the lexical of this language as well as to describe the acoustic characteristics of the glottal stop at the positions where they have been identified. Data for this study were obtained from fieldworks which involved questionnaires, interviews, recordings and observations. A total of 100 informants who are native speakers of Bugis from Bugis villages located in Pontian and Pasir Gudang, Johor were interviewed. Spectographic analysis using Praat was made to confirm the presence of glottal stops in the lexical obtained. The results of the spectrographic analysis show that glottal stop presents in four positions in words, namely intial, middle and final word positions as well as at prefix boundaries, for examples, [ʔika], [buʔkãŋ], [bẽmbeʔ] and [mãʔ-keda]. The presence of glottal stop at these word positions exhibits different phonological processes. The results reveal the real phenomenon of glottal stop in Bugis language which has not yet been explored previously. Thus, this study provides new knowledge and perspectives on the distribution of glottal stops in the Bugis language.This study has given an opportunity to researchers to further dig and explore more linguistic phenomena that can be found in the Bugis language, as well as contributes to the preservation of this language so that it does not overwhelm by the modernization and can continue to be practiced by the younger generation in the future.

Keywords: glottal stop; Bugis language; spectographic analysis; phonetics; phonology.