Pembelajaran Awal Sains dan Kompetensi Sosioemosi Kanak-kanak Prasekolah: Satu Kajian Literatur Sistematik (Early Science Learning and Preschool Children’s Social and Emotional Competencies)

Siti Sarah Hasbullah, Kamariah Abu Bakar, Norasmah Othman

Abstract


Kanak-kanak mempunyai sifat ingin tahu yang tinggi. Ianya membawa kepada penerokaan dan penemuan dunia di sekeliling mereka yang menjadi asas kepada perkembangan pembelajaran sains. Pembelajaran Awal Sains dilihat mempunyai potensi dalam memupuk perkembangan kompetensi sosioemosi kanak-kanak kerana dalam ekplorasi sains yang mereka jalani bersama rakan-rakan, mereka juga dapat memperkembangkan kemahiran sosioemosi seperti memahami kepentingan peraturan, belajar menunggu giliran, mendengar arahan dengan baik, bekerjasama dengan rakan-rakan, membantu orang lain dan mengenali serta memahami perasaan yang berbeza antara setiap individu. Dalam artikel ini, penulis menerangkan bagaimana Pembelajaran Awal Sains dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mempertingkatkan kompetensi sosioemosi kanak-kanak. Secara khususnya, makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengupas sejauh mana aktiviti-aktiviti yang dijalankan dan kemahiran-kemahiran proses sains yang digunakan berpotensi dalam memupuk kompetensi sosioemosi kanak-kanak. Berdasarkan kajian literatur yang telah dijalankan, penulis menyenaraikan dan memperincikan tentang lima elemen-elemen Pembelajaran Awal Sains yang dikaitkan dengan kompetensi sosioemosi kanak-kanak prasekolah iaitu: i) peluang terlibat secara aktif; ii) peluang interaksi sosial; iii) peranan guru; iv) persekitaran pembelajaran dan v) pengalaman bermakna. Elemen-elemen ini didapati mempunyai kesan yang positif dan berpotensi dalam mempertingkatkan kompetensi sosioemosi kanak-kanak prasekolah dan boleh dipertimbangkan untuk dilaksanakan di prasekolah kerajaan dan swasta di Malaysia. Adalah diharapkan kajian literatur sistematik ini dapat memperluaskan perspektif dan pemahaman terhadap kebolehlaksanaan Pendidikan Sosioemosi merentasi kurikulum pendidikan awal kanak-kanak.

Kata kunci: Pendidikan sosioemosi; pembelajaran Sains; Prasekolah; kompetensi sosioemosi; pembelajaran merentasi kurikulum


Abstract


Children are highly inquisitive. This will naturally lead them to explore and discover the world around them which is fundamental to the development of science learning. Early Science Learning is seen to have the potential to inculcate the development of children’s social-emotional competence because as the children explore science together with their friends, they will also build social-emotional skills such as understanding the importance of rules, learning to wait for their turn, listening to instructions, cooperating with others, helping other people, identifying and understanding differences in one’s feelings. This paper was written with the aim to explore how Early Science Learning can affect children’s social-emotional competency in a positive manner. In particular, this paper examines the potential of activities and science process skills in promoting social and emotional competencies. Based on the systematic literature review that was done, the author lists and explains five elements of Early Science-Learning that influences preschool childrens’ social and emotional competence. They are: i) active participation opportunities; ii) social interaction opportunities; iii) the role of teachers; iv) learning environment and v) meaningful experiences. These elements are found to have positive potential impact in enhancing the social and emotional competencies of preschool children and can be considered to be implemented in the public and private preschools in Malaysia. It is hoped that this systematic literature review paper will expand the perspective and understanding of the implementation of Social and Emotional Education across the early childhood education curriculum.

Keywords: Social and emotional learning; Science learning; preschool; Social-emotional competence; learning across curriculum


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References


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