Women and Politics: The Contestation for Visibility (Politik dan Wanita: Perbahasan mengenai Keberadaan)
Abstract
The history of voting in the West peppered with women’s struggles to achieve a voice in politics. Gender and elections in a democratic system vary according to context. Still, gender equality and equity for women have always required the government’s intervention. The feasible way to empower women and to ensure gender sensitivity has been to enforce rules and regulations. Nevertheless, women’s political participation in Malaysia is still low due to power distances between genders resulting from a patriarchal system. However, we have to look beyond just numbers to assess the impact of women on politics. This article argues that though the number of female political representatives is low, their visibility should also be gauged from their behind-the-scenes contribution as party members. This study was drawn from the election campaign in 2018 using non-participant observation and secondary data to challenge the prevailing Western approach to gender studies. The findings show that some of the factors mentioned above are not necessarily the reasons for the sluggish appearance of women’s participation in politics.
Keywords: women; politics; visibility; participation; democracy;
Abstract
Sejarah pilihan raya di Barat dipenuhi dengan perjuangan wanita untuk mendapatkan hak berpartisipasi dalam politik. Pilihan raya dan gender dalam sistem demokrasi mempunyai pengalaman konteks yang berbeza, namun persoalan mengenai gender, hak setara dan saksama memerlukan campur tangan kerajaan. Cara berkesan ialah memperkasa wanita bagi memastikan sensitiviti gender dapat dikuatkuasakan melalui peraturan dan perundangan. Di sebalik penguatkuasaan ini, partisipasi wanita dalam politik di Malaysia masih lagi rendah disebabkan jurang sosial kesan daripada amalan sistem patriarki. Artikel ini menguji faktor hambatan diluar ukuran statistik penyertaan perwakilan wanita kerana faktor pilihan dan keberadaan wanita adalah substantif dalam mengukur penglibatan wanita. Artikel ini berhujah bahawa keberadaan wanita di belakang tabir harus diiktiraf sebagai sumbangan dalam berpolitik dan bukan sahaja diukur apabila wanita menjadi pemimpin. Kajian ini menggunakan data sekunder dan teknik pemerhatian tidak turut serta kempen pilihan raya 2018 untuk mencabar pendekatan feminisme Barat. Hasil dapatan menghuraikan bahawa faktor partriaki dan hubungan kuasa tidak seharusnya dilihat sebagai sebab atau alasan kepada penyertaan lemah wanita dalam politik.
Kata kunci: wanita; politik; keberadaan; partisipasi; demokrasi;
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