Kayu sebagai Bahan Binaan di Lembah Bujang dan Perbandingan dengan Tapak-Tapak Yarang, Takuapa dan Batujaya (Wood as Construction Material in the Bujang Valley and Comparisons with Yarang, Takuapa and Batujaya)
Abstract
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kepenggunaan kayu sebagai bahan binaan di Lembah Bujang dan membandingkanya dengan beberapa lokasi serantau seperti Yarang dan Takuapa di Thailand dan juga Batujaya di Pulau Jawa. Kayu boleh digunakan dalam pelbagai cara dalam pembinaan dan cara penggunaanya di boleh dibandingkan untuk menentukkan sama ada terdapat perhubungan teknologi di antara tapak-tapak tersebut. Kajian ini penting kerana belum ada kajian yang mengkaji kepenggunaan kayu sebagai bahan binaan di pelabuhan-pelabuhan awal dalam rantau Asia Tenggara. Memandangkan bahawa kayu adalah sebuah bahan binaan yang mudah mereput dan juga kerana tapak-tapak kajian telah terganggu, penulisan-penulisan ahli arkeologis yang lama telah dirujuk untuk mendapat gambaran tentang kepenggunaan kayu di lokasi-lokasi tersebut. Tempoh penggunaan bahan ini telah dicungkil daripada penulisan ahli-ahli arkeologi terdahulu. Artifak buatan kayu tidak dijumpai di Lembah Bujang tetapi kepenggunaan bahan ini dipercayai berlangsung daripada abad kedua sehingga abad kelima belas Masihi berdasarkan kepada penggunaan bahan-bahan binaan lain yang lebih kental. Kayu juga telah digunakan di Yarang dan Takuapa namun tempoh penggunaan bahan ini belum ditentukan dengan tepat. Di Batujaya, bahan ini telah digunakan dari kurun kelima sehingga kurun kesepuluh Masihi. Cara penggunaan kayu sama ada berbeza ataupun tidak dapat ditentukan secara tepat di antara tapak-tapak yang dikaji dan ini menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat perhubungan teknologi di antara tapak-tapak tersebut. Dicadangkan bahawa kajian seperti ini dilanjutkan kepada pelabuhan-pelabuhan protosejarah lain di Asia Tenggara untuk memberi gambaran lebih lengkap tentang senibina pada zaman protosejarah.
Kata kunci: kayu, Lembah Bujang, Yarang, Takuapa, Batujaya
Abstract
This paper studies wood as a material for construction in the Bujang Valley and makes comparison with other regional settlements such as Yarang and Takuapa in Thailand together with Batujaya in Java. Wood has many uses in construction and is useful to determine whether there existed a technological relationship between the studied sites. This study is important as there has been no study on the usage of wood for construction in early port sites of Southeast Asia. Given that wood is a material that disintegrates easily and that most of the studied sites have already been disturbed, previous writings by archaeologists were consulted to gain a picture about the usage of wood. The period when wood was used was determined from the work of archaeologists. Wooden artefacts were not found in the Bujang Valley but is believed to have been used from the second to the fifteenth century CE based on the use of other, more resilient construction materials. Wood was used in Yarang and Takuapa but the period has not been determined accurately. At Batujaya, it was used from the fifth to tenth century CE. The ways in which wood was used cannot be determined accurately and this suggests that there was no technological transfer between the respective sites. It is suggested here that this study be conducted at other protohistoric port sites in Southeast Asia to give a more complete picture of the type of technologies that existed during the protohistoric period.
Keywords: wood, Bujang Valley, Yarang, Takuapa, Batujaya
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