Penyampaian Terapi Masalah Kesihatan Mental Secara Digital: Jenis dan Keberkesanannya (Delivery of Digital Mental Health Therapy: Types and Effectiveness)

Teh Faradilla Abdul Rahman, Norshita Mat Nayan

Abstract


Isu dan maklumat mengenai masalah kesihatan mental kerap dibincangkan menerusi saluran media. Namun, kesedaran masyarakat terhadap masalah kesihatan mental masih lagi rendah. Tambahan lagi, sesetengah individu yang mengalami masalah kesihatan mental enggan tampil menerima rawatan. Bagi mengatasi masalah ini, agensiagensi kesihatan awam professional di seluruh dunia telah mewujudkan terapi masalah kesihatan mental secara digital. Terapi masalah kesihatan mental secara digital telah memberikan focus terhadap penyampaia rawatan pemulihan psikologi dan kesihatan fzikal. Walaupun secara ke seluruhannya, kaedah terapis ecara digital telah dibuktikan berkesan dalam memperbaiki tahap kesihatan mental seseorang, namunjenis platform digital yang sesuai digunakan untuk menyampaikan terapi bagi sesuatu jenis masalah kesihatan mental masih belum diteliti. Oleh itu artikel ini memberi tumpuan terhadap jenis platform digital yang digunakan dalam terapi masalah kesihatan mental dan keberkesanannya ke atas pelbagai aspek kesihatan serta pemulihan. Dalam hal ini, analisa kandungan ke atas kajiankajian lepas berkenaan dengan jenis platform digital dan keberkesanannya diberi penelitian. Hasil analisa kandungan dari tinjauan kajian lepas menunjukkan sistem pesanan ringkas (SMS) adalah yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai platform untuk menyampai terapi masalah kesihatan mental diikuti aplikasi telefon pintar, laman sesawang dan ruang perbualan dalam talian. Secara keseluruhan, dapatan dari tinjauan kajian lepas membuktikan terdapat perubahan positif terhadap emosi, pemikiran dan tingkah laku. Dengan ini menunjukkan bahawa terapi masalah kesihatan mental secara dalam talian amat berpotensi untuk dilaksanakan terutamanya bagi individu yang mempunyai kekangan untuk mendapatkan perkhidmatan rawatan secara bersemuka atau semasa situasi setempat berada pada tahap kritikal seperti situasi pandemik COVID19 yang membataskan pergerakan seluruh populasi.

Kata kunci: Terapi digital; terapi mobil; kesihatan mental; pesanan teks; psikoterapi


Abstract


Issues and information on mental health problems are frequently discussed through media channels. However, public awareness on mental health problems is still low. In addition, individuals with a mental health problem refuses to receive treatment. To overcome these problems, professional public health agencies around the world have designed digital mental health therapy. Digital mental health therapy has given a focus to the delivery of psychological and physical health rehabilitation treatments. Although digital mental health therapy has been shown to be effective in improving mental health conditions, however the appropriate type of digital platform used to provide the therapy for a particular type of mental health problem has yet to be studied. Therefore, this article focuses on the types of digital platforms used in therapy of mental health problems and its effectiveness on various aspects of health as well as rehabilitation. In this regard, content analysis of previous studies related to the type of digital platform and its effectiveness are done. The results of the content analysis showed that SMS the most widely used platform to deliver mental health problem therapy followed by smartphone applications, websites and online chat. Overall, the fndings from the results of previous studies show positive changes in emotions, thoughts and behaviours. This suggests that mobile therapy for mental health has great potential to be implemented for individuals who have constraints to access in-person therapy or during critical times such as COVID19 pandemic situations which limiting population movement.

Keyword: Digital therapy; mobile therapy; mental health; text message; psychotherapy




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References


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