Enforcing CSR among Food Manufacturers in Malaysia Through Legal and Institutional Framework (Penguatkuasaan CSR dalam Kalangan Pengeluar Makanan melalui Undang-Undang dan Kerangka Institusi)
Abstract
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept in which corporations take into account the interest of the society in four areas of responsibility namely economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic. In the area of food manufacturing, corporate social responsibility plays a vital role by ensuring that food is healthy and in adherence to safety standards. The Food Act 1983 and Food Regulations 1985 play an important role in enforcing corporate social responsibility amongst food manufacturers. Institutional framework in Malaysia such as, Ministry of Health, Food and Safety Quality Division and FOSIM were established to ensure that food-processing activities are according to the required hygiene and safety standards.It is discovered through National Consumer Complaint Centre reports that the enforcement in food safety needs improvement. The paper also examines the role of non-governmental agencies, namely, the Consumer Association of Penang and the National Consumer Complaints Centre, in channeling and documenting complaints from consumers to relevant enforcement agencies. This paper intends to analyse the duties of food manufacturers and to identify legislations that enforce CSR amongst food manufacturers. Adopting the content analysis method, this paper will examine the principle of CSR as contained in the Food Act 1983. This paper further discusses the roles of institutional frameworks namely, the Ministry of Health, Food Safety and Quality Division and FOSIM in enforcing corporate social responsibility amongst food manufacturers.This article aims to contribute namely to various stakeholders ie: the government in which CSR policies can be connected to food safety through our hard and soft laws and consumers will be more aware and educated in which they will support food companies that are implementing CSR in their food production. The paper also serves as a guide to food manufacturers as they will be more particular in their CSR efforts to garner more support towards their food products. With a good CSR policy and food safety efforts Malaysia will be able to increase its revenue in import and export of food products.
Keywords: Corporate social responsibilty; food law; food safety; food manufacturers, institutional framework.
Abstrak
Tanggungjawab Sosial Korporat (CSR) adalah konsep syarikat mengambil kira kepentingan masyarakat dalam empat bidang tanggungjawab iaitu ekonomi, undang-undang, etika, dan kedermawanan. Dalam bidang pembuatan makanan, CSR memainkan peranan penting dengan memastikan makanan adalah sihat dan mematuhi piawaian keselamatan. Akta Makanan 1983 dan Peraturan Makanan 1985 memainkan peranan penting dalam menguatkuasa CSR dalam kalangan pengeluar makanan. Kerangka institusi di Malaysia seperti Kementerian Kesihatan, Bahagian Kualiti Makanan dan Keselamatan dan FOSIM berperanan untuk memastikan aktiviti pemprosesan makanan sesuai dengan piawaian kebersihan dan keselamatan yang diperlukan. Laporan daripada Pusat Pengaduan Pengguna Nasional mendapati bahawa penegakan keselamatan makanan perlu ditingkatkan. Makalah ini juga mengkaji peranan agensi bukan kerajaan, iaitu Persatuan Pengguna Pulau Pinang dan Pusat Pengaduan Pengguna Nasional, dalam menyalurkan dan mendokumentasikan aduan pengguna kepada agensi penguatkuasaan yang berkaitan.Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tugas pengeluar makanan dan untuk mengenal pasti pemakaian undang-undang CSR dalam kalangan pengeluar makanan. Makalah ini menggunakan metod analisis, meneliti prinsip CSR seperti yang terkandung dalam Akta Makanan 1983. Makalah ini membincangkan peranan kerangka institusi iaitu, Kementerian Kesihatan, Bahagian Keselamatan dan Kualiti Makanan dan FOSIM dalam menguatkuasa CSR dalam kalangan pengeluar makanan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberi sumbangan kepada pelbagai pihak yang berkepentingan iaitu: pihak kerajaan di mana polisi CSR dapat dikaitkan dengan keselamatan makanan melalui undang-undang yang keras dan lembut dan pengguna akan lebih peka dan berpendidikan di mana mereka akan menyokong syarikat makanan yang menerapkan CSR dalam pengeluaran makanan. Makalah ini juga bertujuan sebagai panduan kepada pengeluar makanan kerana mereka akan lebih mengutamakan usaha CSR untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak sokongan terhadap produk makanan mereka. Dengan dasar CSR dan usaha keselamatan makanan yang baik, Malaysia akan dapat meningkatkan hasil dari import dan eksport produk makanan.
Kata kunci: Tanggungjawab Sosial Korporat; undang-undang makanan; keselamatan makanan; pengeluar makanan;kerangka institusi
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