Transformasi Reruang dan Dayahuni Perumahan di Seremban, Malaysia (Spatial Transformations and Housing Livability in Seremban, Malaysia)

SHAHARUDIN IDRUS (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, dinn6358@ukm.my), RUSLAN RAINIS (Universiti Sains Malaysia, rruslan@usm.my), ABDUL SAMAD HADI (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, asamad@ukm.my)

Abstract


This article discusses the transformation process of the spatiality of human habitat that took place in Seremban town for nearly 200 years. Beginning as a dense jungle, this area today has developed into a fast developing municipality. British colonial administration developed Seremban in the 1870s following the discovery of large tin deposits in Rasah. At the time, tin extraction was the priority, whilst rubber plantations for commercial purposes were developed in the surrounding forested areas, because of which immigrants from South India and China were brought in to work the tin mines and rubber estates. The British colonials were aware of the importance of Seremban town and took the initiative to build a railroad that connected it to Kuala Lumpur to transport rubber and tin, at the same time that the railroad provided the main transportation link for British workers and immigrants from South India and China. In the year 1924, a train station was constructed in Seremban, which remains until today, and has become the town's landmark and historical monument. The housing areas had experienced rapid expansion especially in the last three decades, in line with the physical development taking place in Seremban. This article focuses on human habitat in Seremban town by examining the interplay of its bio-physical, economic and cultural aspects. This interaction is both complicated to understand and to explain, and calls for a different, complex, approach that allows for a better and more appropriate management, thereby expediting transforming Seremban into a livable city. This article also argues that this complex approach can give a better understanding of the livability of Seremban and how best to manage it.

Keywords: Spatial transformation, livability, housing sustainability, sustainable development

ABSTRAK

Artikel ini melihat proses transformasi reruang habitat manusia yang berlaku di bandar Seremban dalam tempoh hampir 200 tahun. Bermula dari sebuah kawasan yang dipenuhi dengan hutan rimba, berubah menjadi sebuah kawasan perbandaran yang berkembang pesat pada hari ini. Bandar Seremban moden telah dibangunkan oleh kolonial Inggeris yang telah bertapak di negara ini pada sekitar tahun 1870-an dan dipercayai bermula apabila kawasan di sekitar Rasah didapati kaya dengan hasil bumi iaitu bijih timah. Pembangunan kawasan perlombongan bijih timah telah diberikan perhatian utama sementara kawasan di sekitarnya dibangunkan sebagai estet pertanian terutamanya getah. Ramai pekerja imigran dari India dan Cina dibawa masuk ke bandar ini dan mula menduduki Seremban dan kawasan sekelilingnya sebagai pekerja lombong bijih dan pekerja estet getah. Menyedari akan kepentingan Seremban kepada penjajah Inggeris, mereka telah menghubungkan Seremban dengan Kuala Lumpur melalui jalan kereta api untuk mengangkut hasil getah dan bijih timah di samping menjadi sistem pengangkutan untuk mengangkut pekerja Inggeris dan imigran Cina dan India. Pada tahun 1924, sebuah stesen kereta api telah dibina di bandar Seremban yang masih kekal hingga ke hari ini dan menjadi mercu tanda dan kesan sejarah Seremban. Seiring dengan pembangunan fizikal yang melanda Seremban, kawasan perumahan turut mengalami perkembangan pesat terutamanya dalam tempoh tiga dasawarsa terakhir ini. Artikel ini menghujahkan bahawa transformasi reruang habitat manusia di bandar Seremban berlaku dari pelbagai aspek bio-fizikal, ekonomi dan budayanya dalam bentuk yang begitu kompleks untuk difahami apatah dirungkaikan. Transformasi yang kompleks ini menuntut satu bentuk pemahaman yang juga kompleks agar satu sistem pengurusan yang berbeza dengan penelitian yang mendalam dapat dibentuk dan diurus tadbir dengan baik supaya perjalanan menjadi sebuah bandar yang berdayahuni (livable city) dapat berlaku dengan lancar. Artikel ini juga menghujahkan bahawa pendekatan kompleksiti yang melihat dari bawah akan membantu pemahaman yang lebih mendalam dan berkesan untuk menguruskan bandar yang berdayahuni tadi.

Kata kunci:Transformasi reruang, dayahuni, kelestarian perumahan, pembangunan lestari


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