Ruang Kemanusiaan NGO dalam Persekitaran Aman Di Malaysia (NGOs Humanitarian Space in the Safe Vicinity in Malaysia)
Abstract
Ruang kemanusiaan merupakan salah satu konsep dalam bidang ilmu hubungan antarabangsa. Konotasi ruang kemanusiaan merujuk kepada keupayaan pekerja kemanusiaan menjalankan aktiviti bantuan kemanusiaan di persekitaran operasi. Namun, konsep ini dilihat hanya dibincangkan dan diberi tumpuan dalam persekitaran yang mempunyai konflik peperangan seperti di Syria, Yaman dan Gaza kerana di sana terdapat pelbagai ancaman daripada pengganas, tentera atau pemerintah negara itu sendiri yang membantutkan aktiviti pengedaran bantuan NGO kepada mangsa terjejas. Kajian ini mempunyai dua matlamat iaitu untuk mengenal pasti bagaimana tindak balas kerajaan Malaysia sebagai sebuah negara aman dalam memberi ruang kemanusiaan kepada NGO bagi membantu pelarian di Malaysia dan adakah konsep ini relevan untuk diperbahaskan di dalam persekitaran aman? Pendekatan kualitatif dengan kaedah temu bual bersama lapan orang informan terpilih yang terlibat secara langsung dalam isu pelarian di Malaysia dan pemerhatian turut serta bersama aktiviti kemanusiaan telah diaplikasikan bagi mengumpul data primer kajian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan NGO mempunyai ruang yang optimis untuk beroperasi dan menjalankan aktiviti membantu pelarian kerana tidak wujud sebarang halangan daripada kerajaan Malaysia. Sebaliknya, dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat pelbagai bentuk kolaborasi di antara NGO dan kerajaan di dalam projek khusus memperkasakan bantuan dalam kalangan pelarian. Kajian ini juga mendapati walaupun ruang kemanusiaan selalu dipolemikkan di dalam senario konflik peperangan, namun konsep ini masih relevan untuk dibahas dan diaplikasi di dalam situasi geopolitik yang tidak mempunyai konflik seperti di Malaysia.
Kata kunci: bantuan kemanusiaan; kerajaan Malaysia; NGO; pelarian; ruang kemanusiaan.
Abstract
Humanitarian space is one of the concepts in international relations. The connotation of humanitarian space refers to an operational vicinity that allows humanitarian actors to provide assistance and services. Nevertheless, this concept is seen solely to be discussed and focused on war conflicts such as Syria, Yemen and Gaza because there are abundant threats from terrorists, the military or the government itself which hinders the distribution of NGOs’ assistance to the affected population. This study has two-fold; first, to identify how the Malaysian government responds as a peaceful state in providing humanitarian space to NGOs to assist refugees and second, does this concept relevant to be debated in a peaceful vicinity? A qualitative approach adopts an interview method with eight selected informants directly involved with Malaysia’s refugee issues and participant observations of humanitarian activities have been employed to collect the research’s primary data. The research findings revealed that NGOs have an optimistic space to operate and implement activities to assist refugees because there are no blockades by the Malaysian government. Conversely, the diverse collaboration between NGOs and the government in specific projects to strengthen assistance among refugees. Although the humanitarian space is always polemized in war conflict scenarios, this concept is still relevant to be discussed and applied in geopolitical situations with no conflicts such as in Malaysia.
Keywords: humanitarian assistance, humanitarian space, Malaysian Government, NGOs, refugees.
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