Pembiayaan Perbankan Islam dan Kadar Pengeluaran Negara: Kes Malaysia (Islamic Financing and the Growth of National Products: The Malaysian Case)
Abstract
The most effective way to develop the economy of a country is to trade. Trade is an activity of exchanging goods and services between buyers and sellers on a voluntary basis through the medium of exchange such as money. Trade makes it possible for a country to enjoy goods and services from other countries, besides indirectly benefitting from a transfer of technologies, which can have a positive effect on the development of a country's economy. However, commercial activities require funds to purchase premises, machinery, equipment, raw materials and others. From the viewpoint of security and amount loaned, the best option is to borrow from a bank compared to borrowing from family members or friends. The banking system is divided into conventional banking and Islamic banking. Islamic banking prohibits usury, while conventional banking practises interest rates. This article examines the relationship between Islamic financing and the growth of national products in Malaysia. It includes as variables that affect the output growth such factors as banking deposits and the rate of inflation. The study used co-integration tests and test vector error correction model (VECM) to examine the relationship between variables in both the long and short term. The study found that Islamic finance affects the growth of national products positively and has influence in the long and short term. Thus, in formulating national development strategies and risk management for the country's economy, policy-makers and banking institutions should be mindful of this positive relationship.
Keywords: Financing; growth of national products, conventional banking; Islamic banking
ABSTRAK
Untuk membangunkan ekonomi sesebuah negara, cara yang paling berkesan adalah dengan melakukan perdagangan. Perdagangan merupakan kegiatan pertukaran barang dan perkhidmatan antara penjual dan pembeli secara sukarela melalui media pertukaran seperti wang. Melalui aktiviti perdagangan, sesebuah negara dapat menikmati barang dan perkhidmatan daripada negara lain. Secara tidak langsung, berlaku permindahan teknologi dan ini memberi kesan yang positif terhadap perkembangan ekonomi sesebuah negara. Walau bagaimanapun, sumber dana diperlukan bagi menjayakan aktiviti perdagangan di mana dana diperlukan untuk tujuan membeli premis, mesin dan jentera, bahan mentah dan sebagainya. Jika dipertimbangkan dari aspek keselamatan dan amaun pinjaman yang besar, membuat pinjaman dengan bank merupakan pilihan yang terbaik berbanding dengan meminjam dari ahli keluarga mahupun kawan-kawan. Sistem perbankan terbahagi kepada perbankan konvensional dan perbankan Islam. Umumnya, perbankan Islam mengharamkan amalan riba manakala perbankan konvensional mengambil kira kadar faedah. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan pembiayaan perbankan Islam dengan kadar pengeluaran negara di Malaysia. Artikel kajian ini, faktor-faktor lain seperti deposit perbankan Islam dan kadar inflasi juga dimasukkan sebagai pembolehubah yang mempengaruhi kadar pengeluaran negara. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan ujian kointegrasi dan ujian Model Vektor Pembetulan Ralat (VECM) untuk melihat hubungan antara pembolehubah bagi jangka panjang dan jangka pendek. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa pembiayaan perbankan Islam mempengaruhi kadar pengeluaran negara secara positif dan mempunyai pengaruh dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek. Oleh itu, para penggubal dasar dan institusi perbankan Islam harus masing-masing mengambil kira hubungan positif ini dalam merangka strategi pembangunan negara dan pengurusan risiko agar ekonomi negara dapat berkembang dengan lebih maju.
Kata kunci: Pembiayaan, kadar pengeluaran negara, perbankan konvensional; perbankan Islam
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PDFReferences
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