Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning Model to Improve Listening Skills in Foreign Language Courses (Keberkesanan Model Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran Mendengar dalam Kursus Bahasa Asing)
Abstract
Strengthening the foundation of the foreign language would be more beneficial to the students to be used as the medium of instruction in certain situations. Learning a foreign language needs a different kind of language acquisition, including listening skills. Language could be a barrier to communication, whether verbal or written, when information is presented. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered learning which promotes collaboration and critical thinking through solving open-ended problems. This process of solving problem consequently drives students to be actively involved in authentic learning situation. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop a problem-based listening strategy learning model in order to facilitate the acquisition of Arabic as one of the foreign language courses at State University Malang, Indonesia. The study was conducted using observation, documentation, interview and questionnaire techniques. The design based on the research development model adapted from Willis’s R2D2 development model, this study incorporated four stages which are i) orientation of the problem, ii) organizing learning, iii) guiding individual and group investigations, and iv) analyzing and evaluating the problem-solving process. Findings accentuated the role of PBL model in the listening learning process. It increased the student involvement in listening activities and improved the learning outcomes. These findings implied that the model could be implemented in learning foreign language, especially in listening skills and this points out possible directions for more effective uptake of PBL in learning foreign languages.
Keywords: Problem-Based Learning; model development; listening skills; foreign language; Arabic.
Abstrak
Pengukuhan asas bahasa asing akan lebih bermanfaat bagi pelajar untuk dijadikan bahasa pengantar dalam situasi tertentu. Belajar bahasa asing memerlukan pelbagai jenis pemerolehan bahasa, termasuk kemahiran mendengar. Bahasa boleh menjadi penghalang komunikasi, baik secara lisan maupun tulisan, ketika informasi disampaikan. Pembelajaran berasaskan masalah adalah pembelajaran berpusatkan pelajar yang mempromosikan kolaborasi dan pemikiran kritis melalui penyelesaian masalah terbuka. Proses penyelesaian masalah ini mendorong pelajar untuk terlibat secara aktif dalam situasi pembelajaran autentik. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran strategi mendengar berdasarkan masalah untuk memudahkan pemerolehan bahasa Arab sebagai salah satu kursus bahasa asing di Universiti Negeri Malang, Indonesia. Kajian ini dibentuk berdasarkan model pembangunan penyelidikan yang diadaptasi dari model pembangunan R2D2 Willis. Kajian ini merangkumi empat peringkat iaitu i) orientasi masalah, ii) mengatur pembelajaran, iii) membimbing penyelidikan individu dan kumpulan, dan iv) menganalisis dan menilai proses penyelesaian masalah. Dapatan menunjukkan peranan PBL dalam proses pembelajaran mendengar. Ini meningkatkan penglibatan pelajar dalam aktiviti mendengar dan meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran. Penemuan ini menunjukkan bahawa model tersebut dapat dilaksanakan dalam pembelajaran bahasa asing, terutama dalam kemahiran mendengar dan ini menunjukkan kemungkinan petunjuk untuk penggunaan PBL yang lebih berkesan dalam mempelajari bahasa asing.
Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah; pengembangan model; kemahiran mendengar; bahasa asing; bahasa Arab.
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