Ethnic-based Digital Divide and Internet Use Amongst Malaysian Students

Abstract

Research had documented the existence of a digital divide not only on the basis of income, but also ethnicity. The issue of ethnicity has always been of paramount importance in Malaysia ever since its birth as a nation. With more than 90 percent of urban youths in Malaysia accessing the Internet, one would not expect to find any ethnic-based differences in digital divide amongst these youths. This study verifies whether any ethnic-based differences in digital divide exist amongst urban school-going youths in Malaysia with and without controlling income levels. A random survey among 959 students from two of the most developed states in Malaysia, Penang, and Federal Territory (Kuala Lumpur) was undertaken. Statistical analysis indicates significant ethnic-based differences exist with regard home personal computer ownership and Internet connection, even with household income accounted for. However, these differences were bridged through alternative places for Internet access like cyber cafés, schools and homes of friends and relatives. This study finds that there are no significant differences in the Internet penetration rate amongst the main three ethnic groups. Nevertheless, there are concerns that a new digital divide could be opening, one that is based on the quantity and quality of access. The data reveals that Chinese youths are online for twice the duration of Malays and Indians. Higher Internet usage may not necessarily be positive as they are intertwined with higher risks and negative activities such as violent games, pornography, and gambling. The article also discusses various means to mitigate the risks of Internet usage.

Keywords: Internet, Malaysia, digital divide, race, students

ABSTRAK

Kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa bukan sahaja terdapat jurang digital berdasarkan pendapatan, tetapi juga berdasarkan etnik. Isu etnik adalah penting semenjak kelahiran negara Malaysia. Oleh kerana lebih daripada 90 peratus remaja yang tinggal di bandar mempunyai kemudahan Internet, adalah dijangkakan bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan etnik dari segi jurang digital dalam kalangan mereka. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengetahui sama ada terdapat jurang digital berdasarkan etnik dalam kalangan remaja bandar di Malaysia setelah mengambil kira pendapatan isi rumah. Satu soal selidik telah ditadbirkan secara rawak ke atas 959 pelajar sekolah daripada dua negeri termaju di Malaysia, iaitu Pulau Pinang dan Wilayah Persekutuan (Kuala Lumpur). Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan ketara di antara etnik dari segi pemilikan komputer peribadi di rumah and jenis sambungan Internet. Bagaimanapun, kesan perbezaan ini telah dikurangkan melalui kemudahan Internet di kafe siber, sekolah, rumah kawan dan saudara-mara. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan di antara tiga etnik utama dari segi penggunaan Internet. Terdapat jurang digital berdasarkan jumlah dan kualiti penggunaan Internet. Data menunjukkan bahawa remaja Cina menggunakan Internet dua kali lebih lama jika dibandingkan dengan remaja Melayu dan India. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaan Internet yang lebih lama tidak semestinya positif kerana merangkumi risiko dan aktiviti negatif seperti permainan Internet yang bersifat ganas, menonton gambar lucah dan perjudian. Artikel ini juga membincangkan cara-cara untuk mengurangkan risiko penggunaan Internet.

Kata kunci: Internet, Malaysia, jurang digital, etnik, pelajar