Pemuliharaan dan Kepelbagaian Biologi untuk Pembangunan Ekopelancongan di Langkawi Geopark (Conservation and Biodiversity for the Development of Ecotourism in Langkawi Geopark)
Abstract
Natural resources that are sustainably developed may be utilised as resources for ecotourism that have continuous carrying capacity. Langkawi islands have diverse natural resources that form the dominant heritage of which cannot be found elsewhere in the world. The richness and diversity of geological resources, landscape, flora and fauna including cultural resources, that are inherited by Langkawi are important assets in the development of tourism industry in the modern era that is based on experience and knowledge on the environment, geological and biological diversity and culture. Geological and landscape features of Langkawi fit the requirement for the development of the geopark concept as envisaged by UNESCO. The geopark concept emphasised sustainable development of natural resources through conservation activities and edutourism and recreation for the purpose of supporting socioeconomic development of local communities. This concept is able to enhance the image of Langkawi as a destination of tourism, that is able to attract more tourists to come and appreciate the beauty of nature and community culture of Langkawi. The geopark concept also encourages the establishment of small industries based on innovation among the local communities particularly in the production of geoproducts and bioproducts. All these activities as proposed in the geopark concept could support the conservation of the environment in addition to bringing more tourists to visit Langkawi.
Keywords: Species, flora, fauna, tropical forest, endemic species, island archipelago
ABSTRAK
Sumber alam semula jadi yang dibangunkan secara lestari boleh digunakan sebagai sumber pelancongan ekologi yang mempunyai daya tampungan yang berkekalan. Kepulauan Langkawi mempunyai pelbagai sumber alam semula jadi yang berupa warisan yang unggul yang sesetengahnya tidak mungkin ditemui di mana-mana tempat lain di dunia. Kekayaan dan kepelbagaian sumber geologi, landskap, flora dan fauna serta kepelbagaian sumber budaya yang diwarisi oleh Kepulauan Langkawi merupakan suatu aset terpenting dalam pembangunan industri pelancongan di era moden yang berteraskan pengalaman dan ilmu pengetahuan tentang alam sekitar, kepelbagaian geologi, biologi dan budaya. Fitur geologi dan landskap yang dimiliki Kepulauan Langkawi menepati keperluan bagi pembangunan konsep geotaman seperti yang dianjurkan oleh pihak UNESCO. Konsep geotaman menekankan konsep pembangunan lestari sumber alam semula jadi melalui aktiviti pemuliharaan dan pelancongan ekologi pendidikan dan rekreasi bagi menampung pembangunan sosioekonomi komuniti tempatan. Konsep ini berupaya meningkatkan citra kepulauan Langkawi sebagai destinasi pelancongan yang mampu menarik lebih ramai pelancong datang untuk melawat dan menikmati keindahan alam semula jadi dan budaya komuniti kepulauan Langkawi. Konsep geotaman turut menggalakkan pewujudan industri kecil-kecilan yang berasaskan inovasi dalam kalangan anggota komuniti tempatan, khususnya dalam penghasilan geoproduk dan bioproduk. Kesemua aktiviti yang disarankan dalam konsep geotaman dapat menyokong pemuliharaan alam sekitar di samping dapat membawa lebih ramai pelancong melawat kepulauan Langkawi.
Kata kunci: Spesies, flora, fauna, hutan tropika, spesies endemik, gugusan pulau
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