Dayahuni Bandar: Hubungkaitan Bentuk Fizikal Bandar dan Dayahuni Setempat (Urban Livability: Relationship between Urban Physical Morphology and Livability of Area)
Abstract
This article discusses the issue of urban livability through an analysis of urban physical morphology and its relationship to existing livability of the area. The process of urbanisation itself has been on going for some time, opening up space for people migrating to the urban areas with the hope of a better life in a clean and safe environment, culminating into local livability. The article argues that good physical form, characterised by measurable physical variables, based on structured observations, can lead to a more congenial atmosphere, lively, peaceful and safe in terms of economics, social, cultural and environmental aspects, hence the livability of the place, and subsequently leading to the creation of a sustainable city. The structured observation for the study took place at 13 locations throughout the Nilai Municipality in Negeri Sembilan, which was the testbed for the research undertaken between early 2005 to late 2008. Based on nine main characteristics and 133 sub categories, the study evaluated the livability of the local urban form. The study indicated a livable city that has undergone good physical development that enabled the residents to enjoy good quality of life in a fast changing urbanisation situation. The livability of the area indicated, conducive physical traits for all ethnic groups, open and friendly with a vibrant economy, a healthy, calm and peaceful environment free from uncertainties about personal and neighburhood safety, leading to sustainable living. Such a livable city conditions is key to the development of a sustainable nation.
Keywords: Livability, sustainable city, physical form, urban form, urbanisation
ABSTRAK
Makalah ini membincangkan persoalan dayahuni bandar dengan meneliti bentuk fizikal bandar dan hubungkaitannya dengan dayahuni yang wujud. Proses pembandaran yang berlangsung sejak lama dahulu membuka ruang kepada penduduk untuk berhijrah ke bandar dengan harapan dapat meraih rezeki dan membina kehidupan yang lebih selesa dengan persekitaran yang bersih dan selamat yang akhirnya membentuk dayahuni setempat. Artikel ini menghujahkan bahawa bentuk fizikal bandar yang baik yang dicirikan oleh beberapa angkubah fizikal akan membawa kepada suatu suasana selesa, ceria, tenteram dan selamat daripada pelbagai aspek ekonomi, sosial, budaya dan alam sekitarnya atau keadaan yang berdayahuni. Suasana kawasan yang berdayahuni ini pula seterusnya membawa kepada bandar yang lestari. Pemerhatian berstruktur telah dijalankan di 13 lokasi di sekitar kawasan dalam sempadan pentadbiran Majlis Perbandaran Nilai (MPN,) di Negeri Sembilan, yang dijadikan sebagai lapangan dan medan ujikaji penelitian ini dalam tempoh masa awal tahun 2005 hingga penghujung tahun 2008. Sebanyak sembilan ciri utama dan 133 sub-ciri digunakan dalam kajian ini untuk melihat bentuk fizikal bandar yang berdayahuni itu. Bandar berdayahuni melalui pembangunan bentuk fizikal yang baik membolehkan warga bandar menikmati gaya dan kualiti hidup yang munasabah dalam suasana bandar dan pembandaran yang meningkat maju. Bandar berdayahuni itu memiliki ciri-ciri menarik secara fizikalnya bagi semua kaum, terbuka dan mesra dengan ekonominya yang maju, sihat, tenang dan aman serta bebas dari perasaan curiga tentang keselamatan diri, rumah dan kelestarian kehidupan. Justeru, bandar berdayahuni boleh menjadi teras kepada pembentukan negara yang lestari.
Kata kunci: Dayahuni, kelestarian bandar, bentuk fizikal, bentuk bandar, pembandaran
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