Penyelidikan Lakuan Bahasa: Pemilihan Kaedah dan Pola Penemuan

Marlyna Maros (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, marlyna@ukm.my)

Abstract


This paper compares the methods commonly used in speech acts research, among which are discourse completion tasks, role playing, and participation and non- participation observation. Several examples based on these methods are presented, along with findings, strengths and constraints. More specifically this article focuses on complaints within a Malay language community and highlights how the choice of methods influences data type and potential findings. The study shows that using participant and non-participant observation reveal more than the usual linguistic features of complaint such as the components that made up the set of complaint and the severity of complaint. The data from this study give the sociolinguistic pattern of complaint, namely codeswitching and social strategies of the speech act. Some examples of types of codeswitching and social strategies are included in the discussion. To conclude, the discussion in this article contributes to the sociolinguistics field, specifically the understanding of Malay sociolinguistics.

ABSTRAK

Makalah ini membandingkan beberapa kaedah yang lazim digunakan dalam penyelidikan lakuan bahasa. Antara kaedah yang dimaksudkan ialah tugas penyempurnaan wacana, lakonan, dan pemerhatian serta pemerhatian ikut serta. Beberapa contoh kajian berdasarkan kaedah tersebut turut dikemukakan, selain dapatan, kekuatan dan kekangan. Secara lebih khusus, makalah ini tertumpu kepada penyelidikan lakuan bahasa komplin dalam komuniti bahasa Melayu dan memperlihatkan bagaimana pemilihan kaedah tertentu dapat mempengaruhi jenis (bentuk) data dan dapatan yang bakal diperolehi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pemilihan kaedah pemerhatian serta pemerhatian ikut serta dalam kajian lakuan bahasa komplin dapat membantu pemahaman perlakuan komplin dalam komuniti bahasa Melayu daripada konteks interaksi sosial. Perbincangan dalam makalah ini diharap dapat menyumbang dan memantapkan ilmu sosiolinguistik amnya, dan sosiolinguistik Bahasa Melayu khususnya


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