ETIMOLOGI NAMA DAN MAKNA SAROH (YARANG, PATTANI) BERDASARKAN KONSEP LINGUISTIK PERBANDINGAN

Abstract

Bahasa Melayu merupakan salah satu bahasa yang tergolong dalam rumpun bahasa Austronesia. Namun, terdapat sebilangan kata yang dipengaruhi bahasa rumpun Austroasia, iaitu Mon-Khmer. Berdasarkan sejarah, kumpulan Austroasia sudah menduduki Semenanjung Melayu sejak empat ribu tahun lalu, sekurang-kurangnya seribu tahun sebelum kedatangan bangsa Austronesia (Bellwood 1997). Dengan kata lain, sejak zaman purba lagi Asia Tenggara sudah dipengaruhi oleh bangsa dan bahasa Austroasia. Dialek Melayu Patani di selatan negara Thai merupakan salah satu bahasa yang memperlihatkan pengaruh bahasa-bahasa Austroasia dalam pelbagai bidang semantik. Oleh itu kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji asal usul dan sejarah kata ‘saroh’ di Pattani, Thailand. Pendekatan kualitatif  yang terdiri daripada kaedah kepustakaan dan kaedah lapangan diaplikasikan, manakala penganalisisan data pula menggunakan kaedah linguistik perbandingan. Untuk mencari latar belakang sejarah, pengkaji menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan,  manakala pengumpulan data, pengkaji menggunakan  teknik temu bual semi berstruktur. Seramai enam orang informan dipilih dalam kajian ini, iaitu tiga orang Melayu Patani dan tiga orang warga Kemboja. Lokasi kajian ialah Kampung Saroh yang terletak di daerah Yarang, Wilayah Pattani, Thailand. Dapatan awal dalam kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kata saroh /saɣɔh/ berasal daripada nama individu perempuan yang mula membuka kampung tersebut, iaitu ‘Saro’/sarɔ/. Namun, perkataan ‘saroh’ /saɣɔh/ juga merujuk takungan air atau paya. Kata tersebut adalah kata  yang berasal dari bahasa Khmer iaitu ស្រះ ‘sreah’ yang juga bermaksud paya atau kawasan takungan air. Kemudian kata tersebut berubah mengikut sebutan dialek Patani.

Kata Kunci: Etimologi, asal usul kata, Saroh (Pattani), linguistik perbandingan, dialek Patani

Abstract

Malay is one of the languages that belong to the Austronesian language. However, several Malay words are influenced by the Austroasian language group, namely Mon-Khmer. Based on history, the group occupied the Malay Peninsula four thousand years ago, at least a thousand years before the arrival of Austronesians (Bellwood 1997). Thus, it is understood that since ancient times, Southeast Asia has been influenced by Austroasian races and languages. Patani Malay dialect in southern Thailand shows the influence of Austroasian languages in various semantic fields. This study will discusses the origin and history of the word ‘saroh’ in Pattani, Thailand. A qualitative approach consisting of library and field method was applied, while data analysis were used linguistic comparative method. The library method was used to find the historical background while the semi-structured interview technique was used as a field method. Six informants were involved in the study, three of whom were Patani Malay speakers, and the other three were Cambodians. The location of the study was Saroh Village located in the Yarang district of Pattani Province, Thailand. Preliminary findings of this study show that the word ‘saroh’ /saɣɔh/ comes from the name of the first woman settler of the village, that is ‘Saro’ /sarɔ/. However, it was later found that the word ‘saroh’ /saɣɔh/ was used to refer to reservoir or swamp. The name of the village is likely influenced by the Khmer language  ស្រះ ‘sreah’ which also means swamp or reservoir area. Then, the word changed according to the pronunciation of the Patani dialect

Keywords : Etymology, Word origin, Saroh (Pattani), comparative linguistics, Patani dialect