Hubungan Ekonomi Malaysia dan Indonesia Era Tun Hussein Onn dari Tahun 1977-1981
Abstract
Hubungan Malaysia dan Indonesia pasca konfrontasi dalam bidang politik dan ekonomi menunjukkan hubungan yang semakin erat. Keadaan ini membolehkan pelbagai kerjasama dalam bidang ekonomi antara Malaysia dan Indonesia dijalankan. Ketika era Tun Hussein Onn menjadi Perdana Menteri Malaysia, hubungan ekonomi mula mengorak langkah yang lebih luas bukan sahaja dalam bidang pertanian malah dalam sektor perindustrian termasuk petroleum dan gas. Perkembangan ekonomi dunia yang berubah perlu memenuhi kehendak permintaan perdagangan global. Hubungan ekonomi Malaysia dan Indonesia juga sudah mula bekerjasama dalam bidang petroleum dan gas asli dan turut meneruskan kerjasama dalam bidang pertanian. Selain itu, isu keselamatan turut menjadi agenda utama Tun Hussein Onn dan Indonesia bagi menjamin kestabilan dan keselamatan rantau Asia Tenggara. Ini penting bagi memastikan pelaburan asing dan perdagangan tidak terjejas. Sektor industri petroleum dan gas asli mula menjadi penyumbang utama pendapatan ekonomi Malaysia dan Indonesia. Penyelidikan ini akan menghuraikan hubungan politik dan ekonomi antara Malaysia dan Indonesia yang menjadikan teras kerjasama hubungan ekonomi kedua-dua negara. Analisis juga tertumpu dasar ekonomi Malaysia bagi melihat sejauh mana peluang kerjasama ekonomi antara Malaysia dan Indonesia. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan bahan dari sumber primer dan sekunder yang diperolehi daripada Arkib Negara Malaysia dan Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia. Hasil kajian mendapati era Tun Hussein Onn menumpukan pembangunan bumiputera bagi mengimbangi ketidaksamaan taraf ekonomi seperti yang direncanakan dalam Dasar Ekonomi Baru. Selain itu, hubungan ekonomi antara Malaysia dan Indonesia juga mula menumpukan kerjasama sektor petroleum dan gas asli yang mula menjadi penyumbang utama pendapatan negara. Pada masa yang sama, kerjasama sektor pertanian dan perindustrian turut dipertingkatkan dalam penyelidikan dan guna tenaga antara Malaysia dan Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Petroleum dan Gas Asli, Malaysia, Indonesia, Permodalan Nasional Berhad
ABSTRACT
After the political and economic confrontation, Malaysia- Indonesia relations show a closer relationship. This situation allows various cooperation in the economic field between Malaysia and Indonesia to be carried out. During the era of Tun Hussein Onn as the Prime Minister of Malaysia, economic relations began to take a broader step in agriculture and the industrial, gas, and petroleum sectors. The changing development of the world economy needs to meet the demands of global trade. Malaysian and Indonesian economic relations have also begun to cooperate in petroleum and natural gas and continue to cooperate in agriculture. Apart from that, security issues are also the main agenda of Tun Hussein Onn and Indonesia to ensure the stability and security of the Southeast Asian region. It is essential to ensure that foreign investment and trade are not affected. The petroleum and natural gas industry sectors are beginning to be the main contributors to the revenue of the Malaysian and Indonesian economies. This research will describe Malaysia and Indonesia's economic relations, which form the core of economic cooperation between the two countries. The analysis also focuses on the economic policies of the two countries to see the extent of opportunities for economic cooperation between Malaysia and Indonesia. This research uses materials from primary and secondary sources obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia and National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia. The study found that the era of Tun Hussein Onn focused on Bumiputera development to balance the inequality of economic status as planned in the New Economic Policy. Apart from that, economic relations between Malaysia and Indonesia also began to focus on cooperation in the Petroleum and Natural Gas sector, which started to be the main contributor to the country's income. Meanwhile, Research development and employment are also enhanced in Malaysia and Indonesia's agricultural and industrial sectors.
Keywords: Petroleum and Natural Gas, Malaysia, Indonesia, Pemodalan Nasional Berhad
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