Hubungan di antara Prestasi Perniagaan dengan Profil HRV Biofeedback Usahawan Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia
Abstract
(The Relationship between Business Performance and HRV Biofeedback Profiles among Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) Project Entrepreneurs)
Recent research has explored how business performance is influenced by different factors. HRV (Heart Rate Variability) Biofeedback, for instance, is a phenomenon where physiological changes occur in the interval between heartbeats. This study therefore aimed to identify the relationship between success in business and HRV Biofeedback, by profiling thirty-five women entrepreneurs involved in the Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) project. Participants in this study were drawn from the AIM entrepreneurship program at the Agropolitan Project, Tanjung Batu, Pekan, Pahang. The data collected involved profit and sales analysis, and a frequency analysis of HRV: Very Low Frequency (VLF), Low Frequency (LF) and High Frequency (HF). Correlative statistical analysis was used to study the relationship between business and HRV. The findings revealed a very strong relationship between business performance and HRV profiles among the participants, with a score of 0.80-1.00 and, an especially strong correlation between participant’s business performance with the HRV data obtained in terms of the cumulative score of HRV, HF, LF and VLF. This indicated that healthy entrepreneurs who controlled their stress very well had the highest potential for success in business. Thus, this study concludes that HRV Biofeedback techniques can be an important measure in gauging business entrepreneur’s health and performance
Keywords: Women entrepreneurs; business performance; HRV Biofeedback; psychology; physiology
Abstrak
Prestasi perniagaan dipengaruhi oleh pelbagai faktor. Dalam pada itu, HRV (Heart Rate Variability) Biofeedback atau kebolehubahan kadar jantung adalah fenomena perubahan fisiologi dalam sela masa antara degupan jantung. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti hubungan di antara kejayaan dalam perniagaan dengan profil HRV Biofeedback usahawan wanita yang terlibat dalam projek Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM). Seramai 35 orang peserta yang terdiri daripada peserta program keusahawanan AIM Projek Agropolitan Tanjung Batu, Pekan, Pahang terlibat dalam kajian ini. Data yang di kumpul melibatkan analisa untung dan jualan, analisa HRV; Very Low Frequency (VLF), Low Frequency (LF) dan High Frequency (HF). Analisis statistik korelasi digunakan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara perniagaan dan HRV. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat antara prestasi perniagaan dengan profil HRV dalam kalangan peserta dengan nilai skor 0.80-1.00. Dapatan ini juga menunjukkan wujud hubungan yang kuat antara prestasi perniagaan peserta dengan data HRV yang di peroleh dari segi skor terkumpul, HRV HF, LF dan VLF. Ini menunjukkan usahawan yang sihat dan dapat mengawal tekanan dengan baik mempunyai potensi yang lebih tinggi untuk mencapai kejayaan dalam perniagaan. Oleh itu, teknik HRV Biofeedback adalah disyorkan untuk meningkatkan tahap kesihatan dan prestasi perniagaan usahawan.
Kata kunci: Usahawan wanita; prestasi perniagaan; HRV Biofeedback; psikologi; fisiologi
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdul Rahman Embong. 2007. Pembangunan negara, komuniti dan insan melampaui 2020. Bangi: Institut Kajian Malaysia dan Antarabangsa.
Alexander, D. M., Trengove, C., Johnston, P., Cooper, T., August, J. P. & Gordon, E. 2005. Separating individual skin conductance response in a short interstimulus-interval paradigm. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 146: 116-123.
Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. 2013. Pembangunan Usahawan Ikhtiar: Inisiatif Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagiaan Pembangunan Usahawan. Risalah Terbitan Tahunan 2013.
Anderson, D. R. 1990. The Naked Enterpeneur. United Kingdom: Kogan Page Limited.
Andreassi, J. L. 2007. Psychophysiology Human Behaviour and Physiological Response. 5th edition. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Auditya Purwandini Sutarto. 2011. The Effect of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Training for Improving Cognitive Performance among Female Manufacturing Operators. Disertasi Ijazah Doktor Falsafah, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang D.M.
Barsky, A. 2008. Understanding the ethical cost of organizational goal-setting: A review and theory development. Journal of Business Ethics 81(1)August: 63-81.
Bauer, H. H. & Martin, I. 2009. Exploring the power of adaptive selling techniques on consumers’ buying behavior. European Retail Research 22: 51-68.
Bruce, K. 2000. The Effect of Biofeedback on Task Performance. Master Thesis. University of North Texas. USA.
Burch, J. G. 1986. Entrepreneurships. New York, USA: The University of Michigan, John Wiley & Sons Publication.
Evseev, V. A., Vetrile, L. A. & Zaharora, I. A. 2010. Effect of intranasal administration of antiglutamate antibodies after stress explosure on the stress response. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 5(October): 551-553.
Gevirtz, R. & Lehrer, P. M. 2003. Resonant Frequency Heart Rate Biofeedback. In Biofeedback: A Practioner’s Guide. 3rd edition, edited by M. S. Scwartz dan F. Andrasik, 245-250. New York: The Guilford Press.
Harris, E. G., Mowen, J. C. & Brown, T. B. 2005 Re-examining salesperson goal orientations: Personality influencers, customer orientation and work satisfaction. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science 33(Winter): 19-35.
Hedley, C. N. 2006. What does it mean to love your job: Investigating the construct. Paper Presented at the Meeting of the Academy of Management, 29 August, Atlanta.
Jurgen, B., & Anke, D. 2001. Test motivation in the assessment of student skills: The effects of incentives on motivation and performance. European Journal of Psychology of Education 16(September): 441-462.
Jurgen, W. & Alexander, H. 2013. When group goalsetting fails: the impact of task difficulty and supervisor fairness. In Creativity, Talent and Excellent, edited by A.G. Tan, 165-184. DOI 10.1007/ 978-981-4021-93-7-12.
Kamus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 2009. Edisi Keempat. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Karavidas, M. K., Lehrer, P. M., Vaschillo, E. G., Vaschillo, B., Humberton, M. dan Buyske, S. 2007. Preliminary results of an open label study of heart rate variability Biofeedback for the treatment of major depression. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 32: 19-30.
Keaveney, S. M. 1995. Working smarter: The effects of motivational orientations on purchasing task selection and retail buyer performance. Journal of Business and Psychology 9(3): 253-271.
Lehrer, P. M. 2007. Biofeedback training to increase heart rate variability. In Principles and Practice of Stress Management, 3rd edition, edited by P.M. Lehrer, R.L. Woolfolk and W.E. Sime, 227-248. NewYork: The Guilford Press.
Lehrer, P. M. & Kranitz, L. 2004. Biofeedback applications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiology in Review 12(3): 177-181.
Lehrer, P. M., Vaschillo E. G., Vaschillo B., Lu, Shou-En, Eckberg, D. L., Edelberg, R., 2003. Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Increases Baroreflex Gain and Peak Expiratory Flow. Psychosomatic Medicine 65: 796–805.
Lehrer, P. M., Vaschillo E. G., & Vaschillo B. 2000. Resonant Frequency Biofeedback Training to Increase Cardiac Variability: Rationale and Manual for Training. Applied Psychophysiology and
Biofeedback 25(3): 177-191.
Locke E. A. & Edwin, A. 1968. Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 3(2): 157-189.
Louis, V. & Stephen, H. F. 2009. The influence of performance feedback on goal-setting and mental effort regulations. Motivation and Emotion 33(March): 63-74.
Lovibond, S. H. & Lovibond, P. F. 1995. Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. 2nd edition. Sydney: Psychology Foundation.
Moss, D. 2004. Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback. Psychophysiology Today 27(4): 273-281.
Moss, D. & Shaffer, F. 2009. Respiratory training and heart rate variability biofeedback for anxiety disorders and functional medical disorders: respiratory psychophysiology. Workshop Notes. The 13th Annual Meeting of Biofeedback Foundation of Europe, Eindhoven, 24 February, Netherlands.
Muhammad Al-Buraey. 1990. Management and administration In Islam. Dhahron, Saudi Arabia: King Fahd University of Petroleum Minerals Publishers.
Muhammad Nubli Abdul Wahab. 2012. Kemerlangan Pengurusan Organisasi Dalam Islam. Kuantan: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Pahang.
Muhammad Jaafar. 1999. Asas Pengurusan. Kuala Lumpur: Leeds Publications, Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.
O’Hara, R. 2006. Role of stress in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders in older adults, specifically on late life depression and cognition. Annals of General Psychiatry 5(February): 16.
Rokicki, L. A., Timothy, T. H., Dhingra, L. K., Stephen, R. W., Urban, A. M. & Bhalla, R. K. 2003. A preliminary analysis of emg variance as an index of change in EMG Biofeedback treatment of tension type headache. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 28: 205-215.
Samir Muhazzab Amin & Sara Syakilla Mohd. Salim. 2012. Pembasmian kemiskinan di Malaysia: Keperluan kemahiran pekerja komuniti. Akademika 82(1): 81-89.
Selye, H. 1956. The Stress of Life. New York: McGrawHill. Shepherd, D. A. & Patzelt, H. 2013. Operational entrepreneurship: how operations management research can advance entrepreneurship. Production and Operations Management 22(6): 1416-1422.
Sujan, H. 1986. Smarter versus harder: An exploratory attributional analysis of salespeople’s motivation. Journal of Marketing 33 (February): 41-49.
Sujan, H., Weitz, B. A. & Kumar, N. 1994. Learning orientation, work smart and effective selling.
Journal of Marketing 58(July): 39-52. Syed Omar Syed Agil. 2012. Teori, Amalan dan Perniagaan Islam. Petaling Jaya: Longman Malaysia.
Tato, M. S., Rex, L. C. & David, L. T. 2008. EEG Biofeedback as a treatment for Substance use disorders: Review, rating of efficacy and recommendation for futher research. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. Springer US 33(March): 1-28.
Tiller, W. A., McCraty R. & Atkinson, M. 1996. Cardiac coherence: A new noninvasive measure of autonomic nervous system order. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 2(1): 52-65.
Van Gemmert, A. W. A. & Van Galen, G. P. 1997. Stress, neuromotor noise, and human performance: a theoretical perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 23: 1299-1313.
Vaschillo, E., Vaschillo, B. & Lehrer, P. M. 2006. Characteristics of resonance in heart rate variability stimulated by Biofeedback. Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback 31(2): 129-142.
Vernon, D. J. 2005. Can Neurofeedback Training Enhance Performance? An Evaluation of the Evidence with Implications for Future Research. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 30(4): 347-364.
Vicente, G., Prida, D., Adolfo, C. dan Marquez. 2014. Researching The After-Sales Service and Warranty Management. After-sales Servive of Engineering Industrial Asset. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 3-34.
Willem, V., Frank, B. & Richard, P. B. 2004. The adaptive consequences of pride in personal selling. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science 32: 386-402.
Zimmerman, N. 2011. Deterministic and voluntaristic theories of organizational change. Dynamics of drivers of organizational Change 7(3): 9-63.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 0126-5008
eISSN: 0126-8694