The Failure to Take Off: The Case of Bahagian Penyelarasan dan Pembangunan Bumiputera Pulau Pinang (Kegagalan untuk Melonjak Kehadapan: Kajian Kes Bahagian Penyelarasan dan Pembangunan Bumiputera Pulau Pinang)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP) ushered in an era of greater state-intervention in the Malaysian economy on behalf of the Bumiputera. However, while the state has devoted a considerable amount of resources, and set up numerous agencies to elevate the socioeconomic standing of the Bumiputera, compared to other Malaysian ethnic groups they still lag behind in terms of household income and economic equity. Indeed, the 2012 Malaysian Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey Report revealed that the median household income for Bumiputera was lower than that of the Chinese and Indian populations, as too was, their average household annual income growth rate between 2009 and 2012. Utilizing the case study method, this study analyzes the modus operandi of Bahagian Penyelarasan dan Pembangunan Bumiputera Pulau Pinang, a Bumiputera Implementing Agency that was established with the aim of improving the socioeconomic standing of Penang’s Bumiputera population. The study suggests that the absence of economic calculation and bureaucratic incentive to exaggerate achievements are among the factors that have led to the failure of state-led development for Penang Bumiputera.
Keywords: New Economic Policy; state-led development; Penang Bumiputera; Malaysia; Bumiputera Implementing Agency
ABSTRAK
Perlaksanaan Dasar Ekonomi Baru (DEB) telah menyaksikan satu era di mana negara memainkan peranan yang lebih aktif dan besar dalam ekonomi bagi pihak kaum Bumiputera di Malaysia.Walaupun negara telah memperuntukan sejumlah besar dana, infrastruktur dan mewujudkan pelbagai agensi pelaksana Bumiputera, tahap sosioekonomi kaum Bumiputera bukan sahaja dari sudut pendapatan isi rumah malah juga dari sudut kesaksamaan ekonomi masih lagi jauh di belakang kaum yang lain di Malaysia. Laporan Penyiasatan Pendapatan Isi Rumah dan Kemudahan 2012 mendapati bahawa purata pendapatan isi rumah Bumiputera adalah lebih rendah daripada pendapatan isi rumah kaum Cina dan kaum India manakala purata pendapatan bulanan Bumiputera di antara tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2012 juga lebih rendah daripada kaum Cina dan India. Dengan menggunakan kaedah kajian kes, kajian ini menganalisa modus operandi Bahagian Penyelarasan dan Pembangunan Bumiputera Pulau Pinang, sebuah agensi yang ditubuhkan khas untuk menaik taraf tahap sosioekonomi Bumiputera Pulau Pinang. Dapatan kajian ini memperlihatkan bahawa kegagalan untuk melaksanakan perkiraan ekonomi dengan baik dan insentif birokrasi untuk melonjakkan kejayaan adalah di antara faktor kegagalan untuk menaikkan tahap sosio-ekonomi Pulau Pinang.
Kata Kunci: Dasar Ekonomi Baru; negara pembangunan; Bumiputera Pulau Pinang; Malaysia; Agensi Pelaksana Bumiputera
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