Isu-isu Perlaksanaan Akta Antipemerdagangan Orang 2007 (Malaysia): Interpretasi Dimensi Sosiologikal (Implementation Issues of the Malaysian Anti-Human Trafficking Act 2007: A Sociological Reading)

Gusni Saat (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, sgusni@fss.unimas.my)

Abstract


The Anti-Human Trafficking Act 2007 (AAPO 670-2007) was passed by the Malaysian parliament and gazetted in February 2008 as the Malaysian government’s response to Article 3 of the United Nation Protocol on human trafficking/ smuggling. What now arises is the question as to how has the implementation of the Act fared hitherto. Has it managed to curb human trafficking and smuggling in Malaysia now? Based on the findings of available studies and scrutinising of cases as reported by the relevant authorities such as the police and immigration authorities, this paper renders a sociological reading of issues pertaining to the implementation of the particular Act. The results show that achievement in the implementation of Section One and Section Three of the Act which respectively pertains to prevention through social awareness of the evil of human trafficking and smuggling, and utilising AAPO as a legal instrument in conjunction with transnational and international cooperation for prevention of human trafficking and smuggling, has indeed been dismal. In contrast, the achievement with respect tothe Second Section of Guaranteeing Human Rights may be said to be relatively successful as testified by a number of arrests of the culprits and the protection given to the victims of human trafficking and smuggling in the country.

Keywords: human rights, human trafficking/smuggling, organised crimes, exploitation, the United Nation Protocol on human trafficking/smuggling

ABSTRAK

Akta Antipemerdagangan Orang telah diluluskan oleh Parlimen Malaysia pada tahun 2007 (AAPO 670-2007) dan diwartakan pada Februari 2008 selaras dengan Artikel 3 Protokol PBB mengenai human trafficking/smuggling dan sebagai respons Kerajaan Malaysia kepada aktiviti pemerdagangan orang transnasional yang melibatkan wilayahnya, sama ada sebagai negara transit, destinasi atau sumber. Persoalan yang timbul sekarang ialah sejauh manakah perlaksanaan AAPO telah dapat membendung jenayah pemerdagangan orang di Malaysia? Berdasarkan kajian kajian yang ada dan penelitian kes-kes yang dilaporkan oleh pihak berkuasa seperti polis dan imigresen, dan dengan menggunakan perspektif sosiologikal, makalah ini membincangkan isu-isu yang menjadi masalah dalam perlaksanaan AAPO. Hasil penelitian mendapati bahawa matlamat dalam Bahagian Pertama iaitu pencegahan menerusi pembudayaan kesedaran masyarakat ke atas keburukan akibat pemerdagangan orang dan Bahagian Ketiga iaitu menjadikan AAPO sebagai undang-undang peringkat transnasional dan antarabangsa, kerjasama pencegahan dan penguatkuasaan peringkat regional dan antarabangsa masih belum dapat dijayakan. Sebaliknya Bahagian Kedua iaitu Jaminan Hak Asasi Manusia Tidak Dicabul dapat dikatakan lebih berjaya dengan beberapa kejayaan pihak penguat kuasa menangkap dan memberikan perlindungan kepada para mangsa pemerdagangan orang.

Kata kunci: eksploitasi, Hak Asasi Manusia, jenayah terancang, pemerdagangan manusia, Protokol PBB mengenai pemerdagangan/penyeludupan manusia


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References


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