Pembentukan Skala Pengukuran Nilai Melayu: Satu Kajian Perintis (Measuring Malay Values: An Exploratory Study)

Jeannot Abdul Karim (Management and Science University, jeannet@msu.edu.my), Khairul Anuar Rezo (Management and Science University)

Abstract


Studies on the Malay culture and values had more often than not adopted qualitative approaches. This study, however, seek to explore the world of Malay culture and values from a quantitative perspective. Departing from the standpoint that a set of values would represent the crux of a culture, a list formulating the Malay cultural values is constructed based on the questionnaire returns from five hundred respondents. The main questions posed in this study were based on seven Likert scales the validation of which is measured with the alpha cronbach scores. The factoring involved two factor sets, namely, Peace, Harmony and Society on the one hand and Sense of Concern and Sense of Consideration on the other. The results of the quantitative analyses reveal that generally the Malays may be regarded as friendly, helpful, forgiving, caring, generous and possessing a keen compassionate nature.

Keywords: culture traits, ethnic studies, Likert scales, Malay values, value constructs

ABSTRAK

Kajian budaya dan nilai Melayu sering kali menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berdasarkan sorotan kajian. Namun, kajian yang bersifat penerokaan ini menggunakan perspektif kuantitatif dalam menilai nilai-nilai Melayu. Nilai merupakan satu istilah yang berkait rapat dengan budaya. Satu senarai soalan telah diformulasikan bagi mengenal pasti nilai-nilai Melayu tersebut dengan membabitkan seramai lima ratus responden. Jenis soalan utama yang digunakan bagi penyelidikan ini adalah berdasarkan tujuh mata skala Likert. Kebolehpercayaan terhadap skala diukur dengan nilai tinggi alpha cronbach. Hasil daripada pemfaktoran, dua faktor telah dikenal pasti, iaitu Keamanan, Harmoni dan Masyarakat (faktor satu) serta mengambil berat dan bertimbang rasa (faktor dua). Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahawa kaum Melayu, melalui kaedah kuantitatifnya, selalu dijelaskan sebagai mesra, suka membantu, pemaaf, penyayang dan pemurah serta mempunyai sifat perikemanusiaan yang kuat.

Kata kunci: kajian etnik, konstruk nilai, nilai Melayu, sifat budaya, skala Likert


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