Changing Role of State in a Globalised Economy: Case Study on Malaysia-India Companies (Perubahan Peranan Kerajaan dalam Era Ekonomi Globalisasi: Kajian Kes Syarikat di Malaysia dan India)
Abstract
Globalisation has a significant impact on the role of nation-state. Hyper globalists, sceptics, and liberals in the realm of international relations theory, contend that globalisation renders the state irrelevant, diminishes the state’s role, and erodes state power. The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of globalisation on companies in Malaysia and India. This article presents four case studies of companies operating in Malaysia and India to determine the impact of globalisation as well as evaluating the role of state and private sectors in moving forward economic cooperation. Given the structure of the goods and services trade between Malaysia and India, some analysts argue that the onus will be on the private sector to carry economic relations forward. This paper advocates that Malaysia strives to adopt a pragmatic approach, by trying to strike a balance between state intervention and withdrawal in economic matters, in order to achieve specific ends without affecting political stability and economic growth. In the case of Malaysia-India economic relations, it is apparent that the state is not only an important actor, but also a key driver. Indeed, the state is seen as a major supporter and beneficiary of economic and technological advances. Although challenges persist in terms of government regulations, bureaucratic red tape and state government policies, nevertheless business continue to thrive.
Keywords: Globalisation; role of state; Malaysia-India; companies; economic cooperation
Globalisasi mempunyai impak yang signifikan terhadap peranan kerajaan. Antara hujah yang dikemukakan oleh para pendokong globalisasi, skeptik dan para liberal dalam bidang teori perhubungan antarabangsa termasuklah bahawa globalisasi menyebabkan kerajaan menjadi kurang signifikan justeru mengakibatkan penghakisan kuasa kerajaan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisa impak globalisasi terhadap beberapa syarikat di Malaysia dan India. Makalah ini membentangkan empat kes kajian tentang syarikat-syarikat yang beroperasi di Malaysia dan India untuk menentukan impak globalisasi terhadap syarikat serta menilai peranan kerajaan dalam memajukan kerjasama ekonomi. Berdasarkan struktur perdagangan barangan dan perkhidmatan antara Malaysia dan India, segelintir penganalis berpendapat bahawa kerjasama ekonomi bergantung kepada sektor swasta kedua-dua negara untuk memacu perhubungan ekonomi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa Malaysia lebih cenderung untuk mengamalkan pendekatan pragmatis, bagi mencapai matlamat tertentu tanpa menjejaskan kestabilan politik dan perkembangan ekonomi antara kedua-dua kerajaan. Maka, adalah nyata bahawa kerajaan bukan sahaja faktor yang penting malah ia juga merupakan pendorong utama dalam perhubungan ekonomi Malaysia-India. Kerajaan dilihat sebagai aktor utama dan bermanfaat dari segi kemajuan ekonomi dan teknologi. Walaupun terdapat pelbagai cabaran dari segi dasar kerajaan, birokrasi dan polisi kerajaan, kerjasama ekonomi antara Malaysia dan India masih mampu berkembang maju.
Kata Kunci: Globalisasi; peranan kerajaan; Malaysia-India; syarikat; kerjasama ekonomi
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