Informal Caregiving: Empowering Social Support Programs by Employers (Penjagaan Tidak Formal: Memperkasakan Program Sokongan Sosial oleh Majikan)
Abstract
The problems faced by people providing informal care to family members with chronic illness has not been discussed thoroughly in Malaysia. This research has therefore been carried out with the aim of exploring types of informal social support currently practiced and related issues. It is based on a qualitative analysis of the interviews of five informal caregivers responsible for chronically ill family members in Kuala Lumpur. All respondents have struggled to provide the financial and emotional support required, especially as four were unemployed. These respondents were dependent on the family breadwinner, relatives and/or agencies for their daily needs, and also for the costs of medical treatment. They were physically able to work, but had chosen to focus on giving care instead. Some of the respondents had worked previously, but resigned after the condition of their care recipient had worsened. As a consequence, the respondents were facing financial hardship. Thus this analysis proposes that employers should incoporate social support programs into work contracts to enable better working hours and more flexibility for those staff engaged in informal care. By adopting this social support program, it is hoped that informal caregivers could have more financial independance and be less reliant on government agencies and families for financial assistance.
Keywords: Informal caregiving; chronic illness; social support; social support program; employers’ empowerment
ABSTRAK
Penjagaan tidak formal terhadap pesakit kronik tidak dibincangkan secara terperinci di Malaysia. Oleh sebab itu, sebuah kajian yang bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti jenis sokongan sosial yang dipraktiskan oleh penjaga tidak formal telah dijalankan. Kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan metod kajian kes telah dijalankan dalam kalangan penjaga tidak formal yang menjaga ahli keluarga mereka yang sedang menghidap penyakit kronik. Seramai lima orang penjaga tidak formal di Kuala Lumpur telah pun ditemu bual menggunakan teknik temu bual mendalam. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kesemua penjaga tidak formal yang terlibat telah menggunakan strategi daya tindak sokongan sosial dari segi kewangan dan emosi serta empat daripada mereka tidak bekerja. Mereka bergantung sepenuhnya kepada pencari nafkah di dalam keluarga, saudara-mara dan/atau agensi dalam memenuhi keperluan harian mereka dan juga kos rawatan. Secara fizikal, mereka mempunyai kemampuan untuk bekerja tetapi mereka memilih untuk menumpukan sepenuh perhatian kepada ahli keluarga mereka yang sedang menghidapi penyakit kronik. Sebahagian responden sememangnya pernah bekerja tetapi memilih untuk berhenti kerja selepas keadaan ahli keluarga mereka yang sedang menderita penyakit kronik itu semakin membimbangkan. Artikel ini menyentuh kepada program sokongan sosial yang sepatutnya disediakan oleh majikan termasuk faedah pekerjaan, waktu bekerja dan kemudahan cuti yang diperuntukkan khas kepada penjaga tidak formal. Melalui program ini, diharapkan penjaga tidak formal akan mempunyai lebih masa untuk mencari pendapatan kewangan tanpa perlu bergantung kepada agensi kerajaan.
Kata kunci: Penjagaan tidak formal; penyakit kronik; sokongan sosial; program sokongan sosial; pemerkasaan majikan
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