Pola Dorongan Sosial dan Niat Menderma Darah dalam Kalangan Penderma Darah (Patterns of Social Support and the Intention to Donate Blood among Blood Donors)

Juliana Rosmidah Jaafar, Sheau Tsuey Chong, Asmawati Desa, Khadijah Alavi, Wooi Seong Kam

Abstract


Pemupukan niat menderma darah yang konsisten penting untuk penglibatan yang berterusan dalam aktiviti ini. Motivasi untuk menggalakkan niat berterusan untuk menderma darah lahir daripada faktor psikologi seperti sikap positif, keyakinan diri dan persepsi tekanan sosial. Namun begitu, seseorang penderma darah tidak boleh bergantung semata-mata terhadap faktor psikologikal kerana aspek ini boleh berubah mengikut penilaian seseorang berdasarkan frekuensi kekerapan pendermaan darah. Oleh itu, diandaikan bahawa penderma darah memerlukan dorongan daripada jaringan sosial sebagai agen untuk mengukuhkan konsistensi niat menderma darah. Makalah ini bertujuan meneroka pola dorongan jaringan sosial terhadap konsistensi niat menderma darah dalam kalangan kumpulan Penderma Darah Awalan (PDA) dan Penderma Darah Mapan (PDM). Data kajian diperolehi melalui sebelas sesi temubual separa struktur terhadap 20 orang penderma darah yang dipilih secara persampelan bertujuan di Pusat Darah Negara (PDN), Kuala Lumpur. Data dianalisis secara bertema. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa semua informan mempunyai konsistensi niat menderma darah. Kajian ini turut mendapati bahawa wujud pola dorongan sosial yang berbeza antara PDA dan PDM. PDA menunjukkan pola dorongan sosial berbentuk dwi-hala antara mereka dan jaringan sosial. Manakala PDM melaporkan pola secara sehala-eksternal, iaitu dorongan PDM kepada pihak luar. Dapatan kajian memberi implikasi kepada pihak pengurusan bekalan darah untuk mempertimbangkan kepentingan peranan dorongan sosial terhadap pengekalan niat menderma darah. Kajian akan datang perlu mengkaji dengan lebih mendalam mengenai mekanisma untuk mengukuhkan pola dorongan sosial dalam kalangan penderma darah.

Kata kunci: Penderma darah; pola dorongan; jaringan sosial; konsistensi niat; pendermaan darah

ABSTRACT

The cultivation of a consistent intention to donate blood is important in sustaining donation levels. Motivation to donate emanates from complex psychological factors such as a positive attitude, self-confidence and perceived social pressure. However, these psychological factors are changeable, thus impacting on the frequency of blood donatations. Therefore, it is assumed that donors need enhanced support, including from social networks as an agent of pressure, in developing a consistent attitude toward donation. This article aims to explore patterns of social support that may enhance more consistency in donating blood amongst Novice Blood Donors (NBDs) and Regular Blood Donors (RBDs). Data were collected through eleven sets of semi-structured interviews from 20 blood donors, selected through purposive sampling from the National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur. Data were analyzed thematically. The study found that all informants were consistent in their intention to donate blood. The study found however that there are different patterns of social support affecting NBDs and RBDs. NBDs exhibit interdependent relationships of social support in their networks, whereas the RBDs report one-way-external social support; that is from RBDs to other people. These findings have implications for the management of blood supply and suggest that the role of social support in maintaining intentions to donate blood should be considered in future. Further research should examine in more detail mechanisms to strengthen patterns of social support among blood donors.

Keywords: Blood donor; patterns of support; social network; intention consistency; blood donation


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