Secularism in Turkiye: Philosophical perspective, Impact and Solution

Abstract

The declaration of the Republic of Turkiye under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1923-1939) paved the way for a more aggressive process of secularization compared to before, resulting in the absorption of ideology in the military sector and encompassing the entire framework of administration, leadership, and a free way of life that completely alienated the teachings of Islam. Our study seeks to explore the meaning of the characteristics built in secularism simultaneously to discuss more deeply what type of secular culture is in Turkiye. On the other hand, this study also intends to untangle how philosophy has an insight into secular culture. At last, we will also discuss the implications of secularism and what measures could act to curb this belief or culture.  In the findings, we argue that the secular culture in Turkiye is manifested in various aspects of society, including politics, education, legal system, and public institutions. It is reflected in the Turkish Constitution, which guarantees religious freedom and prohibits discrimination based on religion. Turkish secularism also influences the education system, where religious education is separated from general education, allowing individuals to receive a secular education while also having the option to pursue religious studies if they choose.Keywords: Islam, philosophy, secularism, secularism in Turkiye, TurkiyeReferencesAbidin, Z. L., Kamaruddin, K., & Arsad, S. (2020). Sekularisme, faktor dan kesan. International Journal of Muamalat, 4(1), 162-173.Azizi, M. A. M. (2021, 2 July). Islam sebagai cara hidup. Bedaie. https://bedaie.com/2021/07/02/islam-sebagai-cara-hidup/.Fadzil, M. M. M. (2020, 17 February). Al Kahfi: pendirian yang longgar di akhir zaman. Harakah Daily. https://harakahdaily.net/index.php/2020/02/17/al-kahfi-pendirian-yang-longgar-diakhir-zaman/.Fauzan, F. (2017). Sekularisasi dalam pandangan Harvey Cox. Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Pemikiran Islam, 6(2), 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/klm.v6i2.406Hänninen, M. E. (2002). The contest of Indian secularism [Master’s dissertation, University of Helsinki]. https://helda.helsinki.fi/items/d648c963-8afc-47a7-ab2b-9edaab01c077Ibrahim, K. M. & Nor, M. R. M. (2018). Sekularisasi dalam perundangan Turki dan kesannya terhadap masyarakat. Jurnal Pusat Penataran Ilmu dan Bahasa, 28, 153-170. https://doi.org/10.51200/manu.v28i.1589Ismail, M. A., Stapa, Z. & Suhaimi, A. S. (2012). Islam dan pembentukan jati diri Bangsa Melayu. Jurnal Hadhari, Special Edition, 143-154.Salleh, A. M. (1999). Sekularisme dalam politik: satu kajian menurut pespektif Islam [Master’s dissertation, University of Malaya]. http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/846/Syahadha, F. (2020). Nasionalisme, sekularisme di Turki. Majalah Ilmiah Tabuah: Ta`limat, Budaya, Agama Dan Humaniora, 24(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.37108/tabuah.v24i1.268