Amalan Ritual Miring dalam Sambutan Perayaan Hari Gawai Sandau Ari Masyarakat Iban di Daerah Pakan, Sarikei, Sarawak (Miring Ritual Practices in Celebration of Gawai Sandau Ari Day of The Iban Community in Pakan District, Sarikei, Sarawak)

Abby Rumie Anak Pandan, Yusmilayati Yunos

Abstract


Masyarakat Iban mempunyai banyak budaya menarik yang tidak diamalkan oleh suku kaum lain di Sarawak. Gawai Sandau Ari merupakan sebuah perayaan yang diraikan oleh masyarakat Iban dengan penuh adat dan pantang larang yang masih kekal dipegang sejak turun temurun. Amalan ini merupakan upacara penting dan unik dalam tradisi masyarakat Iban di Sarawak. Gawai Sandau Ari lazimnya bersifat lebih individual atau kekeluargaan. Nama "Sandau Ari" bermaksud "tengah hari" atau "puncak hari," dan pelaksanaannya pada siang hari. Gawai Sandau Ari merupakan amalan melibatkan ritual penting yang dikenali sebagai ritual miring. Ritual miring merupakan kemuncak perayaan Gawai Sandau Ari dalam masyarakat Iban. Ia merupakan sebuah ritual persembahan dan/serta medium komunikasi dengan alam spiritual. Objektif penulisan ini adalah untuk menjelaskan amalan ritual miring dalam sambutan perayaan Hari Gawai Sandau Ari masyarakat Iban di daerah Pakan, Sarikei, Sarawak. Kajian ini dijalankan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah kajian lapangan dan temu bual separa berstruktur bersama tokoh yang berpengetahuan dalam perayaan Gawai. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada ketua adat yang mahir dalam melaksanakan ritual ini. Seterusnya kaedah kepustakaan turut digunakan bagi menyokong data utama yang diperolehi melalui kajian lapangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa amalan Gawai Sandau Ari dan ritual miring masih terusdiamalkan oleh masyarakat Iban di rumah panjang kawasan Segala aspek pelaksanaan amalan ritual masih dikekalkan dan perlu mengikut prosedur yang telah ditetapkan. Walaupun arus modenisasi telah semakin berkembang, ritual tradisional ini masih aktif dipraktikkan oleh masyarakat Iban dan terus diwarisi hingga kini.

Abstract: The Iban community has many interesting cultures that are not practiced by other tribes in Sarawak. Gawai Sandau Ari is a festival celebrated by the Iban community with full customs and taboos that have been held for generations. This practice is an important and unique ceremony in the tradition of the Iban community in Sarawak. Gawai Sandau Ari is usually more individual or family in nature. The name "Sandau Ari" means "midday" or "peak of the day," and it is carried out during the day. Gawai Sandau Ari is a practice involving important rituals known as the miring ritual. The miring ritual is the highlight of the Gawai Sandau Ari celebration in the Iban community. It is a ritual of presentation and/or a medium of communication with the spiritual realm. The objective of this writing is to explain the practice of the miring ritual in the celebration of the Gawai Sandau Ari Day of the Iban community in the Pakan district, Sarikei, Sarawak. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach through field research methods and semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable figures in the Gawai celebration. The study sample consisted of traditional chiefs who were skilled in performing this ritual. Subsequently, the library method was also used to support the main data obtained through field research. The results of the study showed that the Gawai Sandau Ari practice and the miring ritual are still practiced by the Iban community in the area's longhouses. All aspects of the implementation of ritual practices are still maintained and must follow the established procedures. Although the modernization trend has been growing, this traditional ritual is still actively practiced by the Iban community and continues to be inherited to this day.

References

Abby Rumie Pandang. (2022, Mac 13). Perayaan Hari Gawai dan Ritual Miring. [Temu bual].

Almaswa Haji Che Ros. (2021, Jun 1). Uniknya Upacara Miring, Adat Kaum Iban Bagi Hormati Roh Nenek Moyang Sempena Hari Gawai.  https://images.app.goo.gl/f4f6vSsMWsFrLfwS7

Asnaini. (2005). Upacara adat Sandau Ari pada masyarakat Iban di Kabupatan Kapuas Hulu Kalimantan Barat. Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata.

Concordius Kanyan. (2007). Dalam Linda Dagang. Persepsi golongan muda terhadap perayaan Gawai Burung Kenyalang di          Daerah Lubuk Antu (Latihan ilmiah). Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

Doratya Gerry, Harishon Radzi & Fazal Mohamed Mohamed Sultan. (2024). Penggunaan dan pengamalan kajian bahasa Iban: Sorotan literatur bersistematik. e-Bangi: Journal of Sozial Sciences and Humanities, 21(2), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2102.14

Ehoh, D. U., Abdul Gapor, S., & Abdul Rahman, H. F. (2020). Fungsi upacara miring dalam proses pemuliharaan kubu di Wilayah Tengah, Sarawak. Journal of Borneo Social Transformation Studies, 6(1), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.51200/jobsts.v6i1.2800

Durin, A. (2014). Tikar bemban. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

Ganda Saba. (2022, Januari 22). Peralatan dalam Gawai Sandau Ari [Temu bual].

Gregory Kiyai@Keai. (2017). Tikai: Fungsi dalam kehidupan masyarakat Iban. Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogio (Heritage, Archaeology and History), 1(1), 87–96.

Gregory Kiyai@Keai, & Noria Tugang. (2020). Artifak budaya masyarakat Iban: Warisan dan pusaka. Jurnal Kinabalu, 26(1), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.51200/ejk.v26i1.2261

Grimes, R. L. (1982). Beginnings in ritual studies. University Press of America.

Henrietta Liza. (2024, April 5). Miring diadakan sempena Ekspo Tatu Antarabangsa. Utusan Borneo Online. https://utusanborneo.com.my/

Imas Langgi. (2022, Mac 12). Amalan Gawai Sandau Ari masyarakat Iban [Temu bual].

Jeseinta Alice Matusinus. (2019). Tradisi kepercayaan rohani masyarakat kaum Iban: Upacara Gawai Sandau Ari. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

Johan Johnes, Rosazman Hussin, & Trixie Marjorie Tangit. (2022). Keharmonian masyarakat melalui perayaan rakyat. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 19(6), 75–86. https://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/article/view/58116

Juliza Kennedy. (2007). Khazanah warisan masyarakat etnik Iban di Sarawak: Satu kajian dokumentasi harta intelek. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

Juntek Ugas. (2022, April 5). Amalan Gawai Sandau Ari masyarakat Iban [Temu bual].

Kedit, P. M. (1970). Gawai Ngemali Umai. Sarawak Museum Journal, XIII, 36–37.

Linda Dagang. (2007). Persepsi golongan muda terhadap perayaan Gawai Burung Kenyalang di Daerah Lubuk Antu. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

Makmur Haji Harun, & Bukhari Katutu. (2013). Mencari titik temu seni budaya kaum Iban dengan suku Bugis: Kajian terhadap seni budaya etnik di Nusantara. [Kertas Kerja]. Fakulti Bahasa dan Komunikasi,Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI)35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak.

Mosum, N., & Mohd Yusoff, M. Y. (2025). Perubahan amalan ngeduang dalam adat dan ritual kematian etnik Bajau. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(1), 562–572. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2201.45

Nik Azma Nik Day. (2018). Perubahan amalan ritual miring dalam masyarakat Iban di Kanowit, Sibu, Sarawak [Tesis Sarjana Sains Sosial]. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

Noria Tugang, Bibiana Motey Senang & Adilawati Asri. (2022). Warisan budaya miring dalam masyarakat Iban di Sarawak. UNIMAS Publisher.

Peta Daerah Pakan. (2025, Jun 25). https://sarikei.sarawak.gov.my/web/subpage/webpage_view/324 

Runai Laja. (2023, Januari 21). Pua kumbu [Temu bual].

Sandin, B. (1977). Gawai Burong: The chants and celebrations of the Iban Bird Festival. Pusat Pengajian Sains Kemasyarakatan Pulau Pinang.

Suzie Nyindang. (2017). Adat miring dalam perayaan Gawai Sandau Ari dalam masyarakat Iban. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

Urin Telajan. (2022, Mac 12). Amalan Gawai Sandau Ari masyarakat Iban [Temu bual].

Turner, V. (1966). The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure. Cornell University Press.


Keywords


Daerah Pakan; Gawai Sandau Ari; masyarakat Iban; ritual miring; spiritual

Full Text:

PDF


DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2203.60

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


-


 

_________________________________________________

eISSN 1823-884x

Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan
MALAYSIA

© Copyright UKM Press, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia