Tanah tinggi sebagai destinasi utama pelancongan wilayah: Potensi dan cabaran (Highlands as main destination in regional tourism: Potential and challenges)
Abstract
Menerusi pelan pembangunan pelancongan wilayah di Malaysia, pelbagai produk pelancongan telah dikenalpasti antaranya pelancongan tanah tinggi. Keunikan, keindahan alam sekitar, khazanah tinggalan sejarah, iklim yang sejuk dan habitat flora serta fauna menjadi punca utama kawasan ini berpotensi sebagai destinasi pelancongan utama pada masa kini. Di samping itu, tanah tinggi turut berfungsi sebagai kawasan pertanian, petempatan dan tadahan air. Namun, pembangunan yang pesat dan tidak terkawal menyebabkan berlakunya perubahan fizikal dan menimbulkan pelbagai masalah seperti pencemaran alam sekitar, tanah runtuh, banjir, pemendapan sungai, pencerobohan tanah haram dan sosiobudaya. Permasalahan ini merupakan cabaran yang perlu dihadapi oleh pihak kerajaan dan masyarakat dalam usaha membangunkan pelancongan tanah tinggi sebagai salah sebuah aset pelancongan negara. Sehubungan itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi dan cabaran tanah tinggi Cameron Highlands dalam pelbagai aspek, termasuk model bagi perancangan dan pembangunan pelancongan tanah tinggi wilayah. Pendekatan kajian adalah berdasarkan analisis dokumen kerajaan seperti Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pahang 2002 dan Rancangan Tempatan Cameron Highlands 1998-2010. Hasil kajian mendapati Cameron Highlands berpotensi sebagai salah satu destinasi utama pelancongan tanah tinggi. Kajian ini mencadangkan kerjasama pelbagai pihak dilaksanakan bagi menjamin kelestarian pelancongan wilayah terutama di Tanah Tinggi Cameron Highlands.
Kata kunci: destinasi pelancongan, ECER, pelancongan tanah tinggi, pelancongan wilayah, potensi, sosio-budaya
In regional tourism development plan in Malaysia, various tourism products have been identified; among others is the highland tourism. The highland’s uniqueness, natural beauty, historical heritage, moderate climate and habitat for diversity of flora and fauna are the main reasons these areas become a major tourist region nowadays. In addition, the highlands also serve as areas for agriculture, settlements and watersheds. However, rapid and unregulated development had cause physical changes, and had created variety of problems such as environmental pollution, landslides, flooding, sedimentation of rivers, illegal land invasions and socio-cultural. This problem is a challenge that must be faced by the government and society in order to develop tourism as one of the highland country's tourism assets. Hence, this article aims to explore the potential and challenges of Cameron Highlands in various aspects, including planning and development of regional tourism. The study is based on government documents’ analysis such as Pahang State Structure Plan and Local Plan 2002 Cameron Highlands, 1998 to 2010. The study found that the site; Cameron Highlands has full potentials of being a major highland destination in Malaysia. The study proposed a multi-stakeholder’s cooperation at various levels be materialised to ensure regional tourism sustainability, particularly in Cameron Highlands.
Keywords: tourism destination, ECER, pelancong, highland tourism, regional tourism, potential, sosio-cultural
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