Perubahan dan upacara tradisional Indonesia: Kajian kes ‘Rambu Solo’ dulu dan kini di Makale Utara Tana Toraja, Sulawesi
Abstract
Upacara rambu solo’ dulu dan kini mengalami perubahan dan boleh menimbulkan pelbagai masalah. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana berlakunya perubahan upacara rambu solo’ masa dulu dan masa kini di Makale Utara, Tana Toraja, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Menggunakan kaedah kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari pemerhatian, temu bual dan sumber bertulis dari pengkaji-pengkaji budaya Toraja sebelum ini. Hasil kajian menemukan bahawa perubahan makna upacara rambu solo’ dulu dan kini, menimbulkan tiga bentuk motif perilaku, iaitu motif status sosial yang mengarah kepada motif ingin memperlihatkan prestij, motif ekonomi, dan motif budaya. Hasil kajian mencadangkan kepada tokoh agama, lembaga pendidikan dan pemerintah agar meningkatkan pembinaan agar menyedarkan masyarakat Toraja supaya meninggalkan perilaku pelbagai motif ini terutamanya motif memperlihatkan prestij demi menjamin keaslian makna ritual ini.
Katakunci: motif budaya, motif ekonomi, motif status social, perilaku dualism, perubahan, upacara rambu solo
Changes experienced in the “Rambu Solo” ritual have led to multiple complications. This study examined how those ritual changes took place in North Makale, Tana Toraja, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Employing qualitative method, primary data were gathered from field observation and in-depth interviews and secondary information from written documents of past Toraja culture’s researchers. The findings indicated that alterations in the significance of the “Rambu Solo”ritual created three kinds of behavioural motives; one, social status motives that pointed to prestige demonstrating, second. the other economic motives, and third, the cultural motives. The findings suggested that religious figures, educational board and authorities educate the Toraja’s community to abandon the multiple behavioural motives, in particular, the social status display motives, so as to restore and preserve the original authenticity of the ritual.
Keywords: changes, culture’s motives, dualism behavior, economy, Rambu Solo ritual, social status
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