Konsep dan model penyusunan tipologi pesisir Indonesia menggunakan teknologi Sistem Informasi Geografi (The concept and model of t ypological lineaments for Indonesia’s coastal areas using the Geogra phic Information System)

Abstract

Kertas ini membahas kajian dalam penyusunan peta tipologi pesisir Indonesia dengan paras kedetilan pada skala nasional iaitu 1:2500000. Sesuai dengan lingkup kajian pada skala nasional, kajian ini didasarkan pada hasil interpretasi dan analisis kepada pelbagai sumber data yang tersedia, iaitu peta geologi yang digunakan sebagai dasar untuk analisis aspek abiotik utamanya dalam menentukan klasifikasi materi penyusun kawasan pesisir. Selanjutnya untuk aspek biotik (hayati) disusun berdasarkan peta vegetasi, manakala aspek kultural (sosio-ekonomi) merupakan hasil interpretasi data yang dapat mencerminkan nonbudidaya (alami) dan budidaya (non-alami). Hasil dari interpretasi data tersebut juga divalidasi berdasarkan data yang tersedia seperti citra penderiaan jauh utamanya data LANDSAT sama ada MSS mahupun TM di beberapa lokasi iaitu di kawasan yang termasuk dalam Program Marine Resource Evaluation and Planning (MREP) Project di 10 kawasan provinsi Marine and Coastal Management Area (MCMA), serta sumberdata lain yang ada. Secara keseluruhannya tipologi pesisir di Indonesia didominasi oleh tipologi pesisir berlumpur ekosistem mangrove dibudidayakan dengan panjang 10,654 km atau 16.45%; manakala yang paling sedikit berupa tipologi pesisir berbatu ekosistem hutan dibudidayakan dengan panjang 1,106 km atau 1.71%.

Katakunci: aspek abiotik, aspek biotik, aspek budaya, ekosistem hutan bakau, pesisir, Sistem Maklumat Geografi

This paper describes a study on the lineaments of Indonesia’s coastal typological mapping at the detail national scale of 1:2500000. In line with the national scope of the mapping, this study focuses on the results of analytical interpretation of available data sources, namely, geological maps which were utilized as a basis for analyzing the abiotic aspects, in particular, in determining the material of the coastal areas. The biotic aspects are further ordered according to vegetation maps, while the cultural aspects (socioeconomic) are the results of data interpretation which might reflect the natural and the cultural factors involved. Results of the interpreted data are then validated using remotely sensed data available, in particular, the LANDSAT data including the MSS and the TM which cover several locations including those of the Marine Resource Evaluation and Planning (MREP) Project pertaining to 10 Marine and Coastal Management Area (MCMA) provinces. Overall, the Indonesian coastal typology is dominated by the muddy coastal mangrove ecosystem which has been inhabited for as far as 10,654 km or 16.45% of the area observed; while the least typology comprises rocky coastal forest ecosystem which habitation spans 1,106 km or 1.71% of the area observed.

Keywords: abiotic aspects, biotic aspects, coastal areas, cultural aspects, GIS, mangrove ecosystem