Morfometri lembangan sungai-sungai utama di Pulau Pinang (Morphometry of major river basins in the island of Penang)
Abstract
Morfometri saliran digunakan untuk menghuraikan ciri-ciri dan parameter geometri sesebuah lembangan sungai supaya ianya lebih objektif dan bermakna. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi dan menganalisis ciri-ciri morfometri empat lembangan sungai utama di Pulau Pinang iaitu lembangan Teluk Bahang (A), lembangan Sungai Pinang (B), lembangan Sungai Relau (C) serta lembangan Sungai Air Putih (D). Maklumat tentang morfometri ini amat penting untuk digunakan sebagai asas rujukan yang berkesinambungan pada masa hadapan. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis peta topography dan pemerhatian di lapangan. Kajian tertumpu kepada aspek morfometri tertentu khususnya pola-pola saliran, order sungai, serta kepadatan lembangan saliran. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kesemua kawasan lembangan kajian mempunyai kepadatan saliran yang kurang daripada 2 km per km persegi dengan lembangan Sungai Relau mencatat kepadatan tertinggi iaitu 1.89 km per km persegi. Kebanyakan sungai di kawasan kajian mempunyai pola saliran jenis reranting atau dendritik dan Sungai Pinang (B) mempunyai 5 order sungai, tertinggi di kawasan tersebut.
Katakunci: hidrologi, kepadatan saliran, lembangan sungai, pola saliran, morfometri sungai, order sungai
Drainage morphometry is used to describe the characteristics and geometric parameters of a river basin. The use of such parameters will increase the levels of objectivity and meaningfulness of the study. The present article is aimed at obtaining information and analysing morphometric characteristics of four river basins in the island of Penang namely Teluk Bahang river basin (A), Sungai Pinang river basin (B), Sungai Relau river basin (C) and Sungai Putih river basin (D). Information on morphometry of the river basins can later be used as a basic for future references. A study on the four major river basins was carried out by employing topographic map and field observation techniques. The study focused on selected morphometrical aspects of the river basins namely drainage patterns, stream order and drainage density. Results of the study showed that all river basins have drainage density of less than 2km/km2 respectively. The highest drainage density is 1.89 km/km2 recorderd at Sungai Relau river basin (C). Most of the rivers in the study area have a dendritic drainage pattern and Sungai Pinang river basin (B) has 5 stream orders which is the highest in the area.
Keywords: drainage density, drainage morphometry, drainage patterns, hydrology, river basins, stream order
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