“Metro island” sebuah konsep baru dalam pengelolaan sumber marin: Kes Pulau Sapeken, Indonesia ("Metro island" a new concept in the management of marine resources: The case of Sapeken Island, Indonesia)

Abstract

Makalah ini merupakan satu kajian yang sangat awal mengenai kehidupan etnik maritim di Indonesia. Ia merepresentasikan kehidupan kota di sebuah pulau yang dalam makalah ini disebut metro island. Kajian dijalankan pada bulan Februari tahun 2011 di Pulau Sapeken yang berkeluasan 65.14 ha dengan jumlah penduduk seramai 8,312. Kepadatan penduduk pulau ini 12,700 orang/km2, merupakan kelas kepadatan yang sangat tinggi, bahkan melebihi kepadatan penduduk bandar-bandar besar lain di Indonesia seperti Jakarta atau Surabaya. Istilah metro island adalah berasaskan parameter kehidupan sebuah bandar termasuk dari aspek demografi, suku etnik yang beragam, serta wujudnya akulturasi kebudayaan di antara etnik tersebut. Kaedah survei pantas tersepadu digunakan bagi mengesan indikator sama ada fizikal mahupun bukan fizikal yang lazimnya terdapat di sesebuah kawasan bandar. Analisis awal dilakukan menggunakan kaedah pemetaan terhadap penyediaan air bersih, tenaga elektrik, telekomunikasi, infrastruktur, kualiti persekitaran dan ekologi. Maklumat bagi pemetaan diperolehi menggunakan pendekatan interpretasi data imej satelit penderiaan jauh resolusi tinggi. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa metro island Pulau Sepeken menempati satu ekosistem perairan yang sangat baik. Ekosistem yang baik merupakan modal awal bagi keberlangsungan sebuah metro island yang ekonomi masyarakatnya masih bergantung kepada sektor sumber marin.

Katakunci: ekosistem pulau kecil, etnik maritim, imej satelit penderiaan jauh, metro island, sumber marin, survei cepat terintegrasi

This paper is a very preliminary study on maritime ethnic life in Indonesia is more represented in small city islands, so called concept of 'metro island'. The study was conducted in February of 2011. Areas of this study is Sapeken Island has an area of 65.14 hectares with a population of 8,312 inhabitants which means that the population density of this island is equivalent to 12,700 people/km2 which is a very high density class, even more than other big cities in Indonesia such as Jakarta or Surabaya. Label of 'metro island' adopted the parameters of life in a city such as demographic issues, ethnically diverse, and the existence of culture among ethnic acculturation or cultural fusion accordance with the conditions of cities in mainland. Rapid Integrated Survey is used as a method in this research to inventory indicators of both physical and non physical that there should be minimal in an area with a label of the city. Identification is done on a scale preliminary analysis by mapping the availability of freshwater, energy, telecommunications, infrastructure, environmental quality and ecological mapping using interpretation of high resolution remote sensing imagery data approached. The study found that a 'metro island’ ecosystem is always occupied with excellent sea waters condition due to these factors as initial capital of the sustainability of a 'metro islands' that still rely on marine resources as the base primary economic sector in the community.

Keywords: marine resources, maritime ethnic, metro island, rapid integrated survey, satellite remote sensing imagery, small island