Analisis pola taburan reruang PM10 dan O3 di Lembah Klang dengan mengaplikasikan teknik Geographic Information System (GIS) (Spatial distribution analysis of PM10 and O3 in the Klang Valley using Geographic Information System (GIS))

Abstract

Sumber utama masalah kemerosotan kualiti udara bandar terutamanya di Lembah Klang adalah berpunca daripada jumlah kenderaan bermotor yang tinggi. Beberapa Laporan Kualiti Alam Sekitar dan Laporan Tahunan yang dikeluarkan oleh Jabatan Alam Sekitar dari 2003 hingga 2009 telah membuktikan penyataan ini. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tahap kualiti udara dan menganalisis pola taburan reruang tahunan bahan pencemar partikel zarah terampai berdiameter kurang daripada 10 mikrometer (PM10) dan ozon (O3) di beberapa stesen kualiti udara terpilih di Klang, Petaling Jaya, Kajang, Shah Alam dan Cheras. Analisis pola taburan reruang tahunan menggunakan teknik interpolasi Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) dalam Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS) menunjukkan kepekatan PM10 yang berjulat antara 50 hingga 100 μg/m3 turut melebihi nilai setaraan purata tahunan RMAQG (Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines), iaitu 50μg/m3 di setiap stesen kajian antara 2004 dan 2009. Impaknya, kemerosotan kualiti udara bandar Lembah Klang akibat daripada kenderaan bermotor bukan sahaja memburukkan masalah alam sekitar bahkan turut juga memberi kesan negatif terhadap kesihatan manusia.

Katakunci: analisis reruang, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), kualiti udara bandar, Lembah Klang, pola taburan reruang tahunan bahan pencemar, Sistem Maklumat Geografi

Motor vehicles were the main source of air quality deterioration in the Klang Valley according to several Environmental Quality Reports and Annual Reports from 2003 to 2009 published by the Department of Environment. The objectives of this study were to analyse the annual spatial distribution pattern of suspended particulate matter of less than 10 micrometers (PM10) and ozone (O3) at the Klang, Petaling Jaya, Kajang, Shah Alam and Cheras air quality stations. Using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation technique in the Geographic Information System (GIS) the findings showed that the maximum concentration of PM10 ranged between 50μg/m3 to 100μg/m3 at each station which were above the RMAQG value of 50μg/m3 from 2004 to 2009. Urban air quality deterioration in the Klang Valley that resulted from the emission of motor vehicles not only exacerbated environmental problems but also had negative impacts on human health.

Keywords: distribution pattern of suspended particulates, Geographic Information System, Inverse DistanceWeighted (IDW), Klang Valley, spatial analysis, urban air quality