Membiayai pendidikan tinggi menerusi endowmen: Kewibawaan Model Hibrid Harvard (Financing higher learning through endowment: The efficacy of Harvard Hybrid Model)

Abstract

Berdepan dengan cabaran menjana kewangan untuk operasi dan aktiviti harian institusi pengajian tinggi kini sering membicarakan endowmen sebagai mekanisma pragmatis untuk membiayai peningkatan pelbagai kos termasuk sumber manusia, tenaga pakar, penyelenggaraan, penyelidikan dan kembangan. Kertas ini membincangkan amalan endowmen Universiti Harvard yang kejayaannya cuba dicontohi oleh beberapa institusi pengajian tinggi di Amerika Syarikat. Aplikasi model hibrid dalam penubuhan Harvard Management Company di analisis berdasarkan sumber maklumat sekundar. Hasil kajian Model Hibrid Harvard ini menampilkan dua pengajaran penting: amalan endowmen perlu disesuaikan dengan aspek lokal dan kapasiti sedia ada, dan pengurusan endowmen perlu diurus oleh pakar pelaburan dengan bantuan erat tenaga akademik dan pihak pengurusan universiti. Dengan kerjasama hibrid begini universiti Harvard mampu mencapai misi mengadakan biasiswa, mengurangkan yuran tusyen dan mendidik orang biasa menjadi juara.

Katakunci: endowmen, institusi pengajian tinggi, kerjasama hibrid, Model Hibrid Harvard, pengurusan kewangan universiti, Syarikat Pengurusan Harvard

As higher learning institutions increasingly find themselves having to grapple with the grave challenge of generating their own financial resources to support their everyday operation, endowment frequently surfaces as a pragmatic way to cope with the soaring costs of managing human resources, hiring experts, providing maintenance, and financing research and extension. This paper examines the endowment practice of Harvard University which success other universities in the United States have tried to imitate albeit with varying results. Using secondary sources of information the hybrid model of Harvard Management Company was analysed. The Harvard model revealed two important instructions: endowments must be tailored to fit local capacity and capability, and endowments must be managed by experts specialized in financial investment and assisted closely by academicians and administrative teams. Such hybrid cooperation in endowment management has enabled Harvard to accomplish its missions including granting scholarships, reducing tuition fees, and educating and transforming ordinary people into extraordinary achievers.

Keywords: endowment, Harvard Hybrid Model, Harvard Management Company, hybrid cooperation, institutions of higher learning, university financial management