Penilaian faktor institusi dalam menentukan kemampanan usahawan jerami padi (An assessment of institutional factors in determining the sustainability of rice straw enterprises)

Abstract

Faktor institusi dilihat berperanan penting dalam menentukan isu kemampanan agribusines jerami padi. Justeru, kajian cuba untuk merungkai kekangan di pihak institusi yang dihadapi oleh usahawan tani dalam membangunkan agribusines berasaskan jerami padi. Kajiselidik telah dijalankan ke atas 24 orang usahawan di Wilayah MADA dan 20 orang usahawan di Daerah Sekinchan yang terletak dalam Kawasan Pembangunan Pertanian Bersepadu (IADA) Barat Laut, Selangor. Kajian mendapati promosi yang lembab; kurangnya sokongan pihak institusi; polisi yang tidak memfokus terhadap pengurusan dan pembangunan jerami; kurangnya pengetahuan dan kemahiran di kalangan pegawai institusi; karenah birokrasi serta ketidakcekapan pengurusan di pihak institusi merencatkan pembangunan agribusines jerami. Pendekatan bersepadu dan efisien perlu dikukuhkan di peringkat institusi seperti sokongan padu pihak institusi; perencanaan polisi yang memfokus ke arah pembangunan jerami; mempertingkatkan promosi agar masyarakat lebih terdidik dan menghargai produk hijau. Ini diharap dapat meningkatkan permintaan produk hasilan jerami di pasaran.

Katakunci: agribisnes, faktor kejayaan, industri hiliran, institusi, jerami padi, usahawan tani

Institutional factors play a vital role in influencing sustainability issues of rice straw agribusiness. This study attempts to identify institutional constraints faced by entrepreneurs in developing their rice straw enterprises. The present in-depth site study involved 24 rice straw entrepreneurs in the Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) of Kedah and 20 rice straw entrepreneurs in the Integrated Agriculture Development Area (IADA) of Sekinchan, Selangor. Results showed that lack of promotions, lack of institutional support; unenforced policies pertaining to rice straw management and development; institutional low skill and knowledge levels; bureaucracy problems and institutional inefficient management all contributed to stagnation in straw agribusiness. Implications of the findings point to the imperative of a more institutional integrated and efficient approach, as fully supportive policies of straw development, enhanced public awareness education campaigns to nurture consumer appreciation of green products. All this would lead to greater demand for straw by-products, a crucial success factor for Malaysia’s rice straw enterprises.

Keywords: agribusiness, demand factor, downstream industry, institutional factors, rice straw enterprises, success
factors