Pola politik kaum dalam Pilihan Raya Umum Malaysia Ke-13: Kajian kes Negeri Selangor (Patterns of ethnic politics in Malaysia’s 13th General Election: A case study of Selangor)

Abstract

Pada Pilihan Raya Umum Ke-13 Barisan Nasional (BN) gagal mendapat majoriti 2/3 kerusi Parlimen, namun masih menguasai kerusi Parlimen dengan majoriti mudah. Terdapat beberapa buah negeri terus dikuasai oleh parti-parti dalam PR, iaitu Selangor, Pulau Pinang dan Kelantan. Keputusan PRU Ke-13 juga menunjukkan bahawa parti-parti dalam PR menguasai majoriti kerusi Dewan Undangan Negeri (DUN) Selangor sebanyak 44 kerusi berbanding BN hanya 12 kerusi. Menggunakan data yang diperolehi daripada laporan Keputusan PRU Ke-12 dan PRU Ke-13, artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis pola kaum dalam pengundian pada PRU Ke-13 di negeri Selangor. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pengundi di kawasan bandar cenderung menyokong PR berbanding pengundi di luar bandar yang terus setia bersama BN. Majoriti (87 peratus) pengundi kaum Cina dan 57 peratus pengundi India menyokong PR berbanding 63 peratus pengundi Melayu yang lebih mempercayai BN/UMNO. Analisis ini berguna kepada partiparti politik untuk menghadapi PRU Ke-14 akan datang.

Katakunci: kaum, parti politik, pengundi, Pilihan Raya Umum, pola pengundian, politik

Ethnic politics may produce particular dynamics in shaping the process and outcome of a general election. This is even more so in a multiracial, multi-ethnic country such as Malaysia. In the country’s last 13th general election, the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) party failed to get a two third majority of parliament seats but still dominated the parliamentary seats by a simple majority. Other important states of Selangor, Penang and Kelantan remained in the rival Pakatan Rakyat PR parties. The results of 13th general election also showed the PR parties controling the majority of seats in the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (DUN) with 44 seats compared to BN’s 12. Using data obtained from the results of the 12th and the 13th general elections, this article analyses the racial voting patterns in the state’s 13th general election. The results showed that urban voters tended to support the PR while rural voters remained loyal with the BN. The majority (87 peratus) of the Chinese voters and 57 percent of Indian voters voted for the PR as against 63 per cent of Malay voters who trusted the BN/UMNO. These findings may prove useful to political parties in the face of the forthcoming 14th general elections.

Keywords: ethnicity, ethnic politics, general elections, political parties, voting patterns, voters