Gelagat hutang isi rumah mengikut kaum di Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor (Malaysians in pursuit of the good life: A study of the nature of household debt by ethnic groups in Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor)
Abstract
Sejak Amerika Syarikat mengamalkan Reagonomics, dunia belajar membiayai kehidupan mewah dengan berhutang yang mana jika tidak diurus dengan sewajarnya akan menyusahkan siberhutang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gelagat hidup mewah, tujuan berhutang, peratusan hutang daripada pendapatan bulanan, kesukaran untuk memenuhi keperluan asas dan kaedah mengatasi bebanan hutang yang ditanggung dalam kalangan tiga kaum utama di Malaysia. Berdasarkan kaedah persampelan rawak, seramai 141 orang responden di sekitar kawasan Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor yang terdiri daripada kaum Melayu (60%), kaum Cina (28%) dan kaum India (12%) telah dipilih. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat sedikit perbezaan gelagat berhutang yang diamalkan oleh ketiga-tiga kaum utama Malaysia. Tujuan utama kaum Melayu membuat pinjaman adalah untuk membeli kenderaan, pinjaman peribadi, rumah kediaman, dan kad kredit. Bagi kaum Cina, tujuan utama mereka berhutang adalah untuk membeli kenderaan, rumah kediaman dan kad kredit. Manakala bagi kaum India mereka berhutang adalah untuk membeli kenderaan dan rumah kediaman. Menariknya, kajian ini juga mendapati majoriti kaum Melayu yang beragama Islam mendapatkan pinjaman daripada produk pinjaman konvensional berbanding produk perbankan yang patuh syariah. Purata keseluruhan gelagat hidup bermewah bagi ketiga-tiga kaum adalah agak tinggi iaitu sebanyak 62.4 peratus. Secara purata, kaum India dan Melayu mempunyai tahap berhutang yang tinggi berbanding kaum Cina. Justeru, isi rumah haruslah bijak dalam menguruskan kewangan mereka dan juga mengurangkan gelagat hidup mewah bagi mengelakkan daripada menanggung hutang yang berpanjangan.
Katakunci: beban hutang, kehidupan mewah, hutang isi rumah, mengikut kaum, tahap hutang, tujuan hutang
Since the advent of Reagonomics in the United States the world has learned the art of luxury living financed by consumption debts, which, when not managed properly may incur future hardship for the debtor. This study examined the differences in the nature of debt, the purpose of debt, debt percentage to monthly income, difficulties in fulfilling basic needs and ways to overcome the burden of debt incurred by the three major races in Malaysia. A total of 141 respondents around Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor were randomly sampled comprising Malays (60%), Chinese (28%) and Indians (12%). The findings revealed that there were some differences in the debt-driven lifestyle practiced by the three major races in Malaysia. The study also found that the main purposes for Malays being in debt were for purchasing a vehicle, personal loans, housing and credit cards. For the Chinese, their primary purposes were purchasing a vehicle, housing and credit cards, while for Indians loans were obtained to purchase a vehicle and housing. Interestingly, the study also found that the majority of Malay Muslims obtained loans from conventional as compared to Islamic banking products. The overall percentage for debt-driven living for all three races was 62.4 percent. This serves as an early warning that living the luxury lifestyle requires the knowledge in how to manage finances to avoid prolonged debt burden.
Keywords: debt burden, debt level, debt purpose, household debt, luxurious living, the good life
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