Pembandaran dan rebakan bandar di pinggir Wilayah Metropolitan Klang-Langat (Urbanisation and urban sprawl in the fringe areas of Klang-Langat Metropolitan Region)

Abstract

Proses rebakan guna tanah bandar ke pinggir telah memperlihatkan banyak petempatan luar bandar di zon luaran wilayah metropolitan di negara membangun termasuk Malaysia bertukar menjadi taman perumahan dan pusat komersial selain kawasan perindustrian. Kajian ini bertujuan mengesan proses rebakan bandar di wilayah metropolitan Klang-Langat dan kesannya terhadap petempatan dan guna tanah dengan tumpuan khas kawasan luar bandar di pinggirnya. Menggunakan laporan banci penduduk dan perumahan 1991 dan 2000; serta data guna tanah Jabatan Pertanian 1984, 1995, 2000 dan 2006, perubahan petempatan dan rebakan bandar di kawasan tersebut dapat dikesan. Seperti dijangka keluasan guna tanah bandar mengalami pertambahan yang pesat khususnya di Koridor Barat Daya wilayah metropolitan berkenaan. Begitu juga sebaliknya guna tanah pertanian yang semakin menurun. Bagaimanapun, penyusutan kawasan hutan tidak begitu ketara. Bukti turut menunjukkan bahawa fragmentasi guna tanah yang ketara wujud di zon pinggiran. Ini adalah petanda bahawa proses pembangunan di zon tersebut dilakukan secara kurang terkawal. Proses pembandaran dan rebakan bandar telah mengubah guna tanah dan seterusnya penduduk kawasan pinggir bandar wilayah metropolitan Klang-Langat. Kefahaman tentang proses ini boleh membantu pihak berkuasa tempatan merancang pembangunan masa hadapan kawasan tersebut.

Katakunci: fragmentasi guna tanah, pembandaran, perancangan bandar, pinggir bandar, rebakan bandar, wilayah metropolitan

The process of urban sprawl in the fringe areas of metropolitan regions in developing countries including Malaysia has witnessed many rural settlements being converted into modern housing estates and commercial centres apart from industrial parks. The present study aims at analysing the process of urban sprawl and it’s impact on rural settlements and land use in the fringe areas of Klang-Langat metropolitan region. Using census reports of 1991 and 2000 and land use data obtained from the Department of Agriculture 1984, 1994, 2006, settlement and land use changes of the region were detected. As expected urban land use has increased very rapidly. In contrast, agricultural area has decreased substantially. However, the decrease of forest area was not obvious. It was also evident that land use fragmentation had occured in the fringe areas indicating that land development carried out in the area was not effectively monitored. Given the fact that the processes of urbanization and urban sprawl had indeed altered both the land use and living conditions of the people in the fringe areas of Klang-Langat metropolitan region, a clear understanding of the process will only facilitate the future development planning of the region by the relevant local authorities.

Keywords: land use fragmentation, metropolitan region, urbanization, urban fringe, urban planning, urban sprawl