Pencemaran udara di Bukit Rambai, Melaka sewaktu peristiwa jerebu tahun 2005 (Air pollution at Bukit Rambai, Melaka during the haze episode of 2005)

Abstract

Kajian pencemaran udara di Bukit Rambai, Melaka dijalankan untuk mencari perhubungan antara bahan pencemar udara dengan parameter cuaca sewaktu peristiwa jerebu pada Ogos 2005 dengan mengkaji parameter pencemar udara seperti zarah terampai kurang daripada 10 mikron (PM10), karbon monoksida (CO), nitrogen dioksida (NO2), sulfur dioksida (SO2) dan ozon (O3) serta suhu, sinaran matahari, hujan dan angin. Zarah terampai, PM10, pada bulan Februari menunjukkan nilai kepekatan yang tinggi iaitu 113μg/m³ berbanding dengan bahan pencemar yang lain. Analisis regresi multivariat untuk tiga tempoh pecahan iaitu tahunan (Januari hingga Disember), monsun timur laut musim kering (Januari hingga Mac) dan monsun timur laut musim lembap (Oktober hingga Disember) menunjukkan kelajuan dan arah angina mempunyai hubungan yang lemah dengan PM10 bagi tempoh tahunan, manakala bagi monsun timur laut (MTL) kering dan lembap kelajuan angin mempunyai hubungan yang kuat dengan PM10. Nilai pekali keseluruhan multivariat ialah 4.13 % bagi tempoh tahunan, 0.18 % bagi MTL musim kering dan 0.92 % MTL musim lembap. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahawa kelajuan angin mempunyai hubungan songsang yang lemah dengan PM10 bagi monsun barat daya (-0.082), MTL musim kering (-0.034) dan MTL musim lembap (-0.089). Hujan mempunyai hubungan songsang dan lemah dengan PM10 iaitu-0.025(tahunan) dan-0.06 (MTL). Keseluruhannya, hujan dan kelajuan angin ini memberikan pengaruh terhadap kadar kepekatan PM10 di kawasan kajian. Walaupun kawasan industri Bukit Rambai mengalami krisis jerebu pada tahun 2005 namun ia masih lagi di paras Indeks Pencemaran Udara yang rendah, iaitu 118 berbanding dengan 529 dan 531 di kawasan Pelabuhan Klang dan Kuala Selangor.

Katakunci: Indeks Pencemaran Udara, kelajuan angin, kepekatan PM10, monsoon, parameter cuaca, peristiwa jerebu

The study investigates the relationship between air pollutants and weather parameters during the 2005 haze phenomenon in Bukit Rambai, Melaka. Air pollutants such as particulate matter of less than 10 microns (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3), and weather parameters such as temperature, sunshine, rain and wind, were investigated. The highest concentration of PM10 was detected in February at 113μg/m³. Multivariate regression and correlation analyses for three durations of the annual (January to December), dry northeast monsoon (January to March), wet northeast monsoon (October to December) showed weak relationships for the two independent variables of rainfall and wind speed of PM10 for the annual duration, and slightly stronger relationship during the dry and wet northeast monsoons. The rainfall and wind speed parameters accounted for 4.13% to the PM10 concentrations during the annual time scale, 0.18% during the dry northeast monsoon and 0.92 % during the wet northeast monsoon. The correlation analysis showed that the wind speed had a weak and inverse relationship with the PM10 concentrations during the southwest monsoon (-0.082), the northeast monsoon (-0.034) and the wet northeast monsoon (-0.089), respectively. The amount of rainfall also had a respectively weak and inverse relationship with the PM10 at-0.025 and-0.06. In conclusion, although the Bukit Rambai industrial area was affected during the haze crisis in 2005, it still recorded a lower Air Pollutant Index level of 118 in contrast to 529 and 532 at Port Klang and Kuala Selangor, respectively.

Keywords: Air Pollutant Index, haze phenomenon, monsoons, PM10 concentrations, weather parameters, wind speed