Peranan budaya terhadap penyertaan lelaki dan wanita Bidayuh dalam pendidikan (The role of culture on the levels of academic parti cipation and achievement among Bidayuh men and women)

Abstract

Budaya memainkan peranan yang penting dalam menentukan ideologi gender seseorang individu, terutama bagi mentakrifkan hak-hak, tanggungjawab serta tingkah laku yang sesuai untuk wanita dan lelaki. Budaya juga turut berpengaruh ke atas tahap penyertaan dan pencapaian akademik seseorang mengikut gendernya. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh budaya
dalam penyertaan dan pencapaian akademik lelaki dan wanita Bidayuh. Kajian ini menggunakan strategi penyelidikan fenomenologi kerana ia memberi tumpuan kepada pengalaman hidup seseorang. Oleh itu, dalam kajian ini perbezaan dalam pencapaian akademik lelaki dan wanita Bidayuh telah dibina dari pandangan dunia masyarakat Bidayuh itu sendiri dengan menggunakan bahasa mereka sendiri. Data telah dikumpul melalui temu bual mendalam dengan 50 orang responden. Analisis menunjukkan bahawa ibu-bapa dan masyarakat Bidayuh mempunyai pandangan yang stereotaip terhadap wanita, membezakan pemberian insentif dan galakan untuk belajar yang mengutamakan lelaki, menyebabkan pencapaian positif pendidikan kaum lelaki. Implikasinya, jika wanita Bidayuh berhadapan dengan dua peranan iaitu menjaga anak-anak mereka dan mengambil bahagian dalam aktiviti yang produktif, keutamaan harus diberikan kepada peranan reproduktif keluarga dan bukannya dalam aktiviti ekonomi yang produktif. Bagi tujuan mencapai pembangunan yang berterusan dalam kalangan masyarakat Bidayuh, akses yang sama tanpa mengira gender kepada peluang pekerjaan dan pendapatan wajar diutamakan.

Katakunci: Bidayuh, budaya, komuniti luar bandar, paradigma fenomenologi, pencapaian pendidikan, penyertaan

Culture plays an important role in determining the gender ideologies of an individual human being, especially in defining the rights, responsibilities and appropriate behaviour for women and men. Culture also has some berings on the individual levels of academic participation and achievement of a person according to his/her gender. The main objective of this study is to determine the influence of culture in educational attainment of Bidayuh men and women. This study adopted phenomenology research paradigm as a strategy focusing on the lived-through experience of an indivial person. Therefore, in this study the differences in educational attainment of Bidayuh men and women were constructed by the world view of the Bidayuh community itself using their own words. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 50 respondents. Analysis shows that parents and Bidayuh community as whole tended to have stereotype views on women. They also favoured men over women in giving incentive and encouragement to attend school. This had in turn influenced the high levels of participation and attainment among Bidayuh men in education as compared to women. The implication of this finding is that if women were confronted with two roles of taking care of their younger children and taking part in productive economic activities, the former would be given the priority. For purpose of achieving sustainable development of Bidayuh community, an equal access to
employment opportunities and incomes should be given priority disregard of their gender background.

Keywords: Bidayuh, culture, educational attainment, participation, phenomenology paradigm, rural community