Cerita rakyat dan stereotaip dalam konteks pembinaan identiti Madura (Folklores and stereotypes in the context of identity construction of the Madurese)

Abstract

Cerita rakyat tidak hanya berfungsi untuk menghibur tetapi turut mempunyai fungsi sosial yang lain. Berdasarkan analisis kandungan ke atas sejumlah cerita rakyat mengenai orang Madura, artikel ini cuba mengupas bagaimana cerita rakyat boleh menjadi salah satu elemen yang menyumbang kepada pembentukan identiti orang Madura. Hasil analisis mendapati bahawa cerita rakyat mengenai or
ang Madura berakar umbi daripada beberapa sumber, iaitu daripada masyarakat Madura, catatan kolonial Belanda, dan kelompok etnik lain. Sebahagian cerita rakyat itu tidak hanya mengandungi stereotaip tetapi juga menjadi modal identiti kepada orang Madura. Cerita rakyat yang datangnya daripada orang Madura itu
sendiri yang terdapat di dalam bentuk lagenda menampilkan citra positif orang Madura. Manakala cerita rakyat yang berupa tafsiran orang lain terhadap orang Madura lebih menampilkan citra dan identiti negatif orang Madura. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, cerita rakyat yang dahulunya beredar secara lisan telah disebar-luaskan melalui proses migrasi dan media massa, seperti media cetak dan internet.

Katakunci: cerita rakyat, identiti, lisan, Madura, pembinaan identiti, stereotaip

Folklore not only serves to entertain but has other social functions. Based on the content analysis of a number of folklores pertaining to the Madurese people, this article attempts to analyse how folklores can be one of elements that contributes to the formation of the Madurese identity. Result of the analysis shows that folklores on the Madurese are rooted from several sources, namely, from the Madurese community, Dutch colonial records, and other ethnic groups. Part of the folklores does not only contain stereotypes but also serves as an identity capital of the Madurese. Folklores that stem from the Madurese themselves in the form of legends manifest positive imageries of the Madurese people. Whereas folklores that are products of interpretations by other people on the Madurese display more negative imageries and identity of the Madurese. In line with the current developments, folklores that had been previously circulated orally, have now been disseminated through the migration process and the mass media, such as the print media and the internet.

Keywords: folklore, identity, verbal, Madurese, identity construction, stereotypes