Persepsi pemilik rumah Melayu di Selangor terhadap hutang perumahan dan pemegangan rumah alternatif
Abstract
Keberhutangan membawa stigma, konotasi dan implikasi yang tidak baik dalam kalangan masyarakat. Namun begitu, pendapat bahawa sesetengah hutang merupakan ‘hutang baik’, contohnya hutang perumahan kerana rumah dikira satu keperluan asas. Pemilikan rumah secara berhutang mengikat pemilik rumah dalam tempoh hutang yang panjang dan amaun hutang yang tinggi. Oleh itu, risiko kewangan peminjam adalah signifikan, terutama ketika kadar keberhutangan dan delinkuensi dilaporkan berleluasa dalam kalangan isi rumah di Malaysia. Paradoks hutang sebagai satu tegahan dalam Islam dan pada masa yang sama satu ‘keperluan’ kehidupan perlu dibincangkan dalam konteks pemilik rumah Melayu bandar yang sebenarnya mempunyai pilihan sama ada membeli (berhutang) atau menyewa/menyertai skim pemegangan alternatif (tidak berhutang). Kajian ini mendedahkan persepsi pemilik rumah Melayu di Selangor berkenaan hutang perumahan dan pemegangan alternatif. Data kuantitatif diperolehi daripada kajian soal selidik terhadap 480 orang pemilik rumah di Petaling Jaya, Subang Jaya, Shah Alam dan Klang. Kebanyakan responden melihat hutang perumahan sebagai ‘hutang baik’ dan tidak menganggap hutang perumahan sebagai suatu bebanan. Kajian turut menunjukkan kekhuatiran mereka terhadap tanggungan risiko kewangan. Walau bagaimanapun, sewaan dan pemegangan alternatif masih tidak digemari majoriti responden menunjukkan indikasi bahawa paradigma memiliki masih utuh dalam kalangan mereka. Sekiranya trend kenaikan harga rumah berterusan pada masa hadapan, dapatan kajian menunjukkan ketidakmampanan sistem pemilikan rumah sekarang yang terlalu bergantung kepada hutang.
Kata kunci: gadai janji, keberhutangan, Melayu bandar, pemilikan rumah, pemegangan alternatif, penyewaan
Perception of Malay homeowners in Selangor towards housing debt and alternative housing tenure
Abstract
Indebtedness carries negative stigma, connotation and implication within the society, yet there is an opinion that certain debts are ‘good debts’ and are necessary. House purchase debt is often regarded as a good debt because housing is a basic necessity. Home ownership by debt which is known as mortgaged home ownership will bind the home owner in debt for a long term and in a large amount. Due to the significant term and amount, the financial risk on the borrower is high especially when the rates of indebtedness and delinquency are reported to be prevalent among Malaysian households. The paradox of debt as a prohibition in Islam and simultaneously a life ‘necessity’ should be discussed in the context of urban Malay homeowners who actually have a choice either to purchase (indebted) or rent/join an alternative tenure scheme (non-indebted). This study reveals the attitude of Malay homeowners in Selangor regarding housing debt and alternative tenure. Quantitative data were obtained from a questionnaire survey on 480 homeowners in Petaling Jaya, Subang Jaya, Shah Alam and Klang. Most respondents did not regard housing loan as a burden yet showed concern about the financial risk burden. It was also found that renting and alternative tenure was still less favoured by the majority of respondents, an indication of the prevalence of the ownership paradigm among the respondents. If the current trend of house price increase persists in the future, the results of this study indicates a non-sustainability of the current home ownership system that is too dependent on debt.
Keywords: mortgage, indebtedness, urban Malays, home ownership, alternative tenure, renting
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adamu, I.Y., Abdul Rahim, A.K., & Hamed, A.B. (2016). Access to credits and indebtedness: Islamic perspective. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Risk Management, 1(1), 46-52.
Alidaniah, N.A.R., Ahmad, S., Mohd Noor., M.A., & Moi, M.R. (2015). Gelagat hutang isi rumah mengikut kaum di Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11(11), 110-119.
Andrews, D., & Sánchez, A.C. (2011). The evolution of homeownership rates in selected OECD countries: Demographic and public policy influences. OECD Journal: Economic Studies, 2011, 207-243.
Bank Negara Malaysia. (2015). Laporan Tahunan BNM 2014. Kuala Lumpur, Bank Negara Malaysia.
Bank Negara Malaysia. (2017). Laporan Tahunan BNM 2016. Kuala Lumpur, Bank Negara Malaysia.
Borhan Nordin, S.H., Lim, S.L., & Abd Aziz, M.K.M. (2016). Penelitian melangkaui statistik hutang keseluruhan isi rumah. Laporan Kestabilan Kewangan dan Sistem Pembayaran 2016. Kuala Lumpur, Bank Negara Malaysia.
Chua, Y.P. (2013). Mastering research statistics. Malaysia, McGrawHill Education.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. USA: Sage.
Eza. (2017). 100,000 rakyat Malaysia bankrap dan ini 3 punca utama. Majalah Labur.
Hamzah, H., & Adnan, N. (2014). Provisional attitude of Malaysia Gen Y's towards alternative housing tenure. International Surveying Research Journal, 4(2), 23-36.
Hasli, A. (2017). PR1MA bukan penyelesaian masalah hutang isi rumah. Retrieved from http://www.sinarharian.com.my.
Jabatan Insolvensi Malaysia. (2017). Portal Rasmi Jabatan Insolvensi Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.mdi.gov.my.
Kementerian Kewangan Malaysia. (2017). Laporan Ekonomi 2016/2017.
Kok, C. (2016). Many Malaysian households at risk of shocks. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement.
KRI. (2016). The State of Households II Report: Khazanah Research Institute.
Malek, N.M., & Husin, A. (2012). Pemilikan rumah dalam kalangan masyarakat bandar berpendapatan sederhana dan rendah di Malaysia. Sosiohumanika, 5(2), 269-284.
Maslow, A.H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396.
Monk, S., & Whitehead, C. (Eds.). (2011). Making housing more affordable: The role of intermediate tenures. UK, Wiley-Blackwell.
Muhammad, F., Abdul Razak, A., Mohd Hussin, M.Y., & Abdul Hadi, F.S. (2015). Kehidupan kelas menengah Malaysia: Satu kajian kes mengenai corak perbelanjaan guru dalam pemilikan aset dan pelaburan kewangan. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11(11), 1-13.
O'Neill, P. (2008). Housing affordability literature review and affordable housing program audit. Sydney, Urban Research Centre, UWS.
Ong, B.T. (2017). Jumlah rumah lelong cecah RM1.8 bilion. Retrieved from http://www.sinarharian.com.my.
Oxley, M. (2017). The private rented housing sector: The UK and ideas from other countries. Social Market Foundation Seminar, Cambridge Centre for Housing & Planning Research.
Roscoe, J. T. (1975). Fundamental research statistics for the behavioral sciences. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Thaden, E., Greer, A., & Saegert, S. (2013). Shared equity homeownership: A welcomed tenure alternative among lower income households. Housing Studies, 28(8), 1175-1196.
Voigtlander, M. (2009). Why is the German homeownership rate so low? Housing Studies, 24(3), 355-372.
Voigtlander, M. (2014). The stability of the German housing market. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 29, 583-594.
Whitehead, C., Williams, P., Tang, C., & Udagawa, C. (2012). Housing in transition: Understanding the dynamics of tenure change. Cambridge, Cambridge Centre for Housing and Planning Research.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.