Aplikasi GIS dalam mengenal pasti kawasan hot spot jenayah harta benda di Kuching, Sarawak (GIS application in identifying the property crime hot spot in Kuching, Sarawak )

Norita Jubit, Tarmiji Masron, Mohd Norarshad Nordin, Danggat Chabo

Abstract


Jenayah harta benda merupakan kategori jenayah indeks yang lebih kerap dilaporkan berlaku di Malaysia berbanding jenayah kekerasan. Kuching antara daerah yang mencatat kes jenayah harta benda tertinggi berbanding daerah-daerah lain di Sarawak dalam tempoh 2015-2017. Objektif kajian ini adalah mengenal pasti kawasan hot spot jenayah harta benda di Kuching, Sarawak. Hipotesis null kajian ini ialah tiada pengelompokan ruangan yang wujud bagi nilai-nilai yang serupa. Dalam kajian ini data jenayah harta benda 2015-2017 telah dianalisis menggunakan Getis-Ord Gi* melalui aplikasi ArcMap 10.3. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa terdapat 5 sektor balai yang diklasikasifikasikan sebagai kawasan hot spot jenayah harta benda dalam tempoh dua tahun iaitu 2015 hingga 2016 yang melibatkan sektor di bawah pengawasan balai polis Gita, Satok dan Sekama. Pada tahun berikutnya iaitu tahun 2017 analisis mendapati kawasan hot spot telah berkurang kepada 4 sektor hot spot iaitu di bawah pengawasan balai polis Gita, Sekama dan Padungan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa analisis Getis-Ord Gi* adalah sesuai untuk mengenal pasti isu yang ingin dikaji kerana teknik ini membantu mengesan kawasan hot spot yang mempunyai nilai yang signifikan secara statistik. Melalui kajian ini kawasan hot spot jenayah harta benda di Kuching Sarawak dapat dikenalpasti yang sekali gus membolehkan pihak Polis Di Raja Malaysia (PDRM) dan Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT) mengambil tindakan bagi mencegah jenayah harta benda di kawasan hot spot serta dapat mewujudkan sebuah bandar yang selamat didiami. Di samping itu, kajian ini juga membantu mendedahkan perubahan hot spot jenayah harta benda dan membolehkan penilaian ke atas keberkesanan langkah-langkah pencegahan jenayah di kawasan kajian.

Kata Kunci: GIS, Getis-Ord Gi*, hot spot, jenayah harta benda, nilai p, z skor

Property crime is one of the index crime categories that most frequently reported in Malaysia compared to violent crime. Kuching districts have the highest property crime cases compared to the other districts in Sarawak from 2015-2017. This study aims to identify the property crime hot spot in Kuching, Sarawak. The null hypothesis in this study present that there is no spatial clustering of similar value exist. In this study, the property crime data from 2015-2017 were analyzed using Getis-Ord Gi* via ArcMap 10.3 software. The finding shows 5 station sectors were classified as hot spots of property crime for two years from 2015 to 2016, involving sectors under the administration of Police Station Gita, Satok and Sekama. In 2017, the analysis shows that the hot spots area was reduced to 4 sectors which belong under the administration of Police Station Gita, Sekama and Padungan. The results of this study show that the Getis-Ord Gi* analysis is appropriate to identify the concerns in the study conducted as this technique help in identifying hot spots with statistically significant value. From this study, the hot spot area of property crime in Kuching Sarawak can be located as well assisting the Royal Malaysia Police and the Local Authorities to take action to prevent the property crime in the hot spot areas and bring into reality the safe city to live. Besides, this study also helps to reveal the changes in property crime hot spots and allow assessment of the effectiveness of crime prevention measures in the study area.

Keywords: GIS, Getis-Ord Gi*, hot spot, property crime, p value, score z


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References


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