Keberkesanan program kesedaran bencana tsunami: Kajian kes di Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah (The effectiveness of tsunami disaster awareness programme: A case study in Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah)

Nur Syuhada Mustakim, Habibah Lateh, Mohamed Zahari Razali

Abstract


Sejarah tsunami yang melanda Kuala Muda, Kedah pada 2004 telah memberikan impak negatif kepada penduduk setempat antaranya kematian, kehilangan harta benda serta trauma. Jumlah kematian akibat tsunami yang direkodkan pada tahun tersebut adalah seramai 17 orang dan 32 orang lagi mengalami kecederaan. Selepas peristiwa tersebut, didapati tiada garis panduan dan pelan evakuasi yang dikeluarkan oleh mana-mana pihak sebagai panduan dan kaedah untuk penduduk setempat bagi menyelamatkan diri sekiranya berlaku bencana. Justeru, inisiatif pelaksanaan latihan simulasi ini adalah sebagai langkah kesiapsiagaan penduduk setempat untuk menghadapi bencana tsunami. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian turut serta dan borang soal selidik dengan mengaplikasikan tahap 1 (reaksi) dan tahap 2 (pembelajaran) daripada Model Penilaian Kirkpatrick. Seramai 723 orang responden terdiri daripada 62 orang guru dan 661 orang pelajar SMK Kota Kuala Muda yang dipilih berdasarkan kaedah persampelan bertujuan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa bagi reaksi, nilai skor min tertinggi merujuk kepada item penggunaan media/LCD. Bagi pembelajaran pula, item pengetahuan mencatatkan nilai skor min tertinggi berbanding item kemahiran dan sikap. Hasil ujian korelasi dalam melihat hubung kait antara reaksi dan pembelajaran menunjukkan hubungan yang sederhana dan signifikan. Implikasi kajian ini dapat meningkatkan daya tahan penduduk setempat untuk menghadapi sebarang kemungkinan bencana yang akan berlaku di kawasan ini. 

Kata kunci: bencana alam, latihan simulasi, Model Penilaian Kirkpatrick, reaksi, pembelajaran, program kesedaran.

The history of the tsunami that hit Kuala Muda, Kedah in 2004 had negatively impact to local residents including death, loss of property and trauma. The number of fatalities were 17 people and 32 people were injured. After the disaster, there were no guidelines and evacuation plans issued by any parties to guide local residents on how to survive the disaster. Therefore, the implementation of this simulation exercise is a preparation for tsunami disaster relief for local residents. This study uses participant observation method and questionnaire by applying level 1 (reaction) and level 2 (learning) from Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model. A total of 723 respondents consisted 62 teachers and 661 students of SMK Kuala Muda were selected based on purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and the Pearson correlation. The results showed the highest mean score for reaction was the item of media/LCD. For learning, item of knowledge recorded a higher mean score than the item of skills and attitude. The results of the correlation test on the relationship between reaction and learning showed a significant and moderate relationship. The implications of the study are to increase the resilience of the local residents to cope with any possible disaster that may happen in this area.

Keywords: natural disaster, simulation exercise, Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model, reaction, learning, awareness programme


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