Penilaian kebolehupayaan pejalan kaki di Tapak Warisan Dunia UNESCO: Kajian kes di George Town, Pulau Pinang (Assessing the walkability in UNESCO's World Heritage Site: A case study in George Town, Penang)

Mohd Sahrul Syukri Yahya, Narimah Samat

Abstract


Kebolehupayaan pejalan kaki merupakan salah satu elemen kelestarian yang dapat memberikan pelbagai manfaat termasuk kesihatan, ekonomi dan perancangan bandar. Di Malaysia, elemen ini adalah baru dan terhad di kawasan bandar metropolitan yang maju seperti Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur, Bandaraya Johor Bahru dan Bandaraya George Town. Kini, kebolehupayaan pejalan kaki dijadikan sebagai mod pengangkutan aktif yang lestari. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengukur dan menilai tahap indeks kebolehupayaan pejalan kaki yang dijalankan di tapak warisan dunia George Town, Pulau Pinang. Antara indikator dan data guna tanah yang digunakan adalah indeks campuran guna tanah (entropi), indeks perhubungan dan indeks nisbah bersih perniagaan (tanah komersial). Indikator ini dianalisis, dinilai dan diintergrasikan dengan aplikasi Sistem Maklumat Geografi untuk penghasilan peta indeks kebolehupayaan pejalan kaki. Bagi mendapatkan penilaian indeks kebolehupayaan pejalan kaki yang jitu, kaedah pengesahan di lapangan dijalankan dengan kaedah temubual di setiap lokasi tertentu. Hasil dapatan kajian ini mendapati kawasan kajian mempunyai skor tahap kebolehupayaan pejalan kaki yang tinggi, memudahkan pengguna ke sesuatu destinasi dan menjadikan aktiviti berjalan kaki sebagai mod pengangkutan yang lestari. Kesimpulannya, kebolehupayaan pejalan kaki yang baik dapat mengurangkan kesesakan lalu lintas dan meningkatkan aktiviti pelancongan sedia ada.

Kata kunci: GIS, indeks, indikator, kebolehupayaan pejalan kaki, pelancongan, pengangkutan

Walkability is one of the sustainable elements which provides many benefits including healthy lifestyle, economic growth and urban planning. In Malaysia, this element is new and limited to advanced metropolitan cities such as Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru and George Town. Nowadays, walkability may be used as a sustainable mode in transportation system. The purpose of the study is to measure and evaluate the walkability index of George Town, a World Heritage Site in Penang. The walkability index includes indicators such as land use mix, connectivity index and net retail area index (commercial land). These indicators are usually analysed, evaluated and integrated using the Geographic Information System application to produce the walkability map. The validation is performed through questionnaires and interviews for each specific location to gauge the accucracy of the walkability index map. The finding of this study shows that George Town score high on walkability index, which indicates easier to travel to a destination and walking as the sustainable mode of transport. As a conclusion, a higher walkability index is able to reduce traffic congestion and encourage increases in tourism activity.

Keywords: GIS, index, indicator, walkability, tourism, transportation


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