Pendekatan kualitatif untuk memahami kualiti hidup masyarakat orang asli di Pahang (Qualitative approach to understanding the quality of life of an indigenous community in Pahang)

Vivien W.C. Yew, Saiful Farisin Md Ramlan, Mohd Rusydi Ahmad

Abstract


Kualiti hidup komuniti Orang Asli di Semenanjung Malaysia secara amnya lebih terpinggir berbanding dengan penduduk Malaysia secara keseluruhannya. Pelbagai usaha telah dijalankan yang hanya memfokuskan kepada petunjuk kualiti hidup universal yang lazim untuk keseluruhan rakyat Malaysia, tetapi tiada spesifikasi khusus kepada kualiti hidup Orang Asli selain terhadnya sumber maklumat yang khusus mengenai kriteria kualiti hidup Orang Asli di Semenanjung Malaysia. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan kriteria yang spesifik dan khusus terhadap kualiti hidup komuniti Orang Asli. Makalah ini merupakan satu kajian kes yang telah dijalankan di Kampung Orang Asli Sungai Tekai, Pahang. Kajian kualitatif dijalankan melalui temu bual mendalam melibatkan 16 informan yang terdiri daripada penduduk kampung tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat empat aspek kualiti hidup yang membentuk kriteria kepada kualiti hidup komuniti Orang Asli iaitu i) infrastruktur dan utiliti asas; ii) sosioekonomi; iii) pendidikan dan iv) kesihatan. Secara keseluruhannya, analisa data pada hasil kajian memperlihatkan kriteria-kriteria pentafsiran terhadap kualiti hidup masyarakat Orang Asli iaitu pilihan pondok buluh sebagai ruang keluarga yang selesa, hasil hutan sebagai mata pencarian, pendidikan asas 3M (membaca, menulis dan mengira) dan perubatan moden sebagai pilihan utama dalam penjagaan dan perawatan kesihatan.

Kata kunci: kesejahteraan, kualiti hidup, orang asli, pembangunan komuniti, semenanjung malaysia, sosioekonomi

Quality of life (QOL) for Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia is generally considered very much lower as compared to the mainstream population. A lot of work has been done, but those works tend to focus on population with universal criteria of QOL, which are common to all Malaysians, not specific to Orang Asli. There is limited information on QOL criteria, which are specific to Orang Asli. As such this study aims to present the current thinking in Orang Asli on QOL by developing a specific group of QOL criteria for this indigenous community. This paper serves as a preliminary study on the village of Sungai Tekai. A qualitative method of in-depth interview and observation during fieldwork was carried out involving 16 informants comprising the villagers. The results of this study showed that there are four basic aspects of QOL evaluation that showed emergent of criteria of the quality of life for the Orang Asli community: i) basic infrastructure and utilities; ii) socioeconomic; iii) education and iv) health. Overall, data analysis of the study results shows four criteria of quality of life for the Orang Asli community, namely the choice of bamboo cottage as a comfortable family room, forest product as a livelihood, basic 3M (reading, writing and calculating) and modern medicine as the ultimate choice in health care.

Keywords: well-being, quality of life, orang asli, community development, peninsular Malaysia, socioeconomic


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